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Colombia

This timeline traces Colombia's tumultuous history from the consolidation of its territory in 1830 through the partisan civil wars of the 19th century, the creation of the conservative constitution in 1886, to the era of La Violencia (1946-1957) and the military regime under General Rojas Pinilla. It highlights the National Front era (1958-1974) during which guerrilla warfare emerged alongside the volatile drug trade. The establishment of the 1991 constitution marked a shift towards constitutional democracy, amidst ongoing violence involving guerrillas, drug traffickers, and paramilitary groups, illustrating Colombia's complex political landscape.

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Colombia

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  1. Colombia

  2. Timeline 1830 Consolidation of current territory 1830-1900s partisan civil wars, coalitions and constitutions 1886 Conservative, centralist constitution is written (remains in force until 1991) 1946-1957La Violencia 1953-1957 Military regime of General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla 1957-1958 Military junta oversees transition from Rojas to the National Front

  3. Timeline 1958-1974 The National Front Era Also period of time during which partisan fighting evolves into guerrilla warfare (FARC, ELN, EPL, M-19) 1974-1991 Post-Front/Constitutional Democracy and Guerrilla war 1970s/1980s Drugs become a major source of conflict 1991-present 1991 National Constituent Assembly writes new constitution 2003: Electoral Reform Re-election allowed also

  4. Democratic Development Oligarchic Democracy Clientelism Importance of Political Parties Importance of Constitutions

  5. Violence The Violence of consolidation  Partisan Violence Guerrilla Violence Drug Violence

  6. The Violence of consolidation 

  7. Figure 2.1: Colombian Murder Rate, 1946-2005[i] [i] 1946-1999 figures from Brauer, et al., 2004:15-16. 2000-2004 figures Forensis 2004:51. 2005 figure, Forsensis 2005:2.

  8. Figure 2.2: Comparative Murder Rates, 1970-2002

  9. [i] Note: “Primero Colombia” (“Colombia First”) was a slogan used on the ballot, rather than a party label in the sense that it was only used for this election by one candidate (not unlike the way Andrés Pastrana used the space for a party label on the 1994 and 1998 presidential ballots).

  10. Violence (Actors) Guerrillas Narcotraffickers Paramilitary Groups

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