Parts of Speech

1. Parts of Speech http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/730/1/

2. Eight Parts of Speech Noun Pronoun Verb Adverb Adjective Article Conjunction Preposition

3. Nouns • Denote a person, place, or thing. • In a sentence a noun answers the questions who and what. • Concrete nouns (something you can see, taste or feel): The dog ran after the ball. • Abstract nouns (something you cannot see, taste or feel): She has integrity. • Proper nouns (nouns that must be capitalized): I am moving to Chicago in November.

4. Pronouns • Pronouns take the place of a noun in the sentence. She went to ask him about the party. • Pronouns can be the subject or the object of the sentence.

5. Verbs • Denote action or state of being in a sentence She ran to the bank. He was taller than his brother. • Some sentences have more than one verb, others have a verb phrase with a verb and a helping verb. I turned the key and opened the door. She was thinking about her future.

6. Adverbs • Adverbs modify, or further describe, verbs. • Many adverbs (although not all adverbs) end in –ly He waved wildly to get her attention. • Adverbs may also modify an adjective. He wore and extremely bright shirt to the party.

7. Adjectives • Adjectives modify, or further describe nouns or pronouns. • Adjectives may come before the noun or pronoun they describe, or after a reflexive “to be” verb (i.e. is, was, am, are, etc.) She walked down the yellow brick road. I am taller than you.

8. Articles • Come before a noun or noun phrase in a sentence • Include: an, a, the The house had a withering exterior. He bought the blue sweater on sale.

9. Conjunctions • Conjunctions connect two independent clauses (or sentences) together. • Include: And, or, but, for, nor, so, yet. She wanted to drive to the city, but the cost of gasoline was too high. Richard wanted to study abroad in Japan, so he learned the language.

10. Prepositions • Prepositions work together with nouns or pronouns to create phrases, called prepositional phrases, that modify verbs, nouns/pronouns, or adjectives. • Prepositional Phrases portray a temporal, spatial, or directional meaning. • English language prepositions: Aboard, about, above, across, after, against, along, amid, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, into, like, near, of, off, on, onto, out, over, past, since, through, throughout, to, toward, under, underneath, until, unto, up, upon, with, within, without. The ivy crawled up the wall of the house. (“up the wall” and “of the house” are both prepositional phrases)

11. Questions? • If you have questions about any of the parts of speech we have just overviewed, check out the Purdue Owl resource at: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/730/1/ • Relative pronouns (that, which, and whom) • Verbals: verbs that act as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs (gerunds, participles and infinitives).

12. Shades of Meaning Activity 1. Identify the part of speech 2. Brainstorm a list of possible synonyms 3. Come up with working definitions of the synonyms you choose, or if someone in the group as an electronic device look up the words. 4. Arrange the words on your shading sheet according to intensity. 5. Share your group’s choices with the class.

13. Exit ticket Write down three (3) things you think are true about poetry. IF YOU HAVE NOT TURNED IN YOUR STUDENT SURVEY, WRITE IT OUT NOW AND TURN IT IN BEFORE YOU LEAVE: 1. What should I know about you as a writer? 2. What should I know about you as a person? 3. What are your interests outside of school? 4. What challenges do you expect to face in this course and how will you overcome them? 5. Where will you study and complete work for this class?