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Awareness. Consciousness raising with respect to issues of racism, sexism, homophobia, transgenderphobia, ageism, and ablismCultural self-awareness of the counselor's own ethnic background(s) and potential reactions of clients and other implications for counselingCultural self-awareness of the cou
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1. Chapter 2DEVELOPING MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING COMPETENCY
2. Awareness Consciousness raising with respect to issues of racism, sexism, homophobia, transgenderphobia, ageism, and ablism
Cultural self-awareness of the counselor's own ethnic background(s) and potential reactions of clients and other implications for counseling
Cultural self-awareness of the counselor's own gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, and social class and potential reactions of clients and other implications for counseling
Cultural self-awareness of the counselor's own physical and mental disabilities and potential reactions of clients and other implications for counseling
Respecting cultural differences
3. Knowledge Sociopolitical context of counseling, including oppression, discrimination, and racism, barriers to service, and social causes of psychological distress
Cultural and racial bias in testing issues
Cultural identity development models
Acculturation issues
Cultural variations in family make-up, developmental patterns, client expectations, views of health & illness
Ability to critique existing theories for cultural relevance (worldview)
Second language fluency
Cultural knowledge of normative characteristics of specific cultural groups
Cultural knowledge of with-in group differences
Indigenous healing practices
Immigration regulations
Laws re: sexual harassment, hate crimes, housing or employment discrimination
Ethical knowledge and practice (e.g., ethical guidelines for use of indigenous techniques)
Prevention issues
4. Skills Interview skills for talking about cultural differences
Assessment of cultural background and issues
Development of an individualized theoretical orientation
Displaying culturally responsive behaviors
Communicating empathy in a manner culturally recognized by the client
Handling client resistance
Consultation skills for communication with indigenous healers
Case management skills
Advocacy skills for influencing organizations
Community outreach/organizational skills
Group conflict resolution skills
Teaching skills for community education