All fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have rigid cell walls made of chitin

3. All fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have rigid cell walls made of chitin • What is eukaryotic? • Fungi have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles • What is a heterotroph? • Fungi get their food by eating other organisms or their byproducts and cannot make their own food

4. Fungi are heterotrophs, but they cannot catch or surround their food. • So, how do they eat? • They have to live near or actually on their food supply

5. There are 3 ways that fungi get their food: • Some fungi are consumers—these give out digestive juices onto their food source and then take in the dissolved food • Many fungi are decomposers that feed on dead plants and animals • Other fungi are parasites that invade a host to get their nutrients

6. Yeast is a single-celled fungus. • Fungi can either be unicellular or multicellular Witch’s Hat fungus is multi-cellular.

7. Fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually • Sexual reproduction occurs when the fungi produces special structures that produces sex cells. • Asexual reproduction occurs 3 ways • when the fungus breaks into pieces and each piece becomes a new fungus • the fungus making spores (small cells that are spread easily by the wind) • Yeast reproduce through budding

8. Zygomycota (Rhizopus)

9. Yeast is an Ascomycete Fungus

10. Bracket Fungi Fungi are classified based on their shape and the way they reproduce Common members of Kingdom Fungi: Puff Balls Mushrooms Bread Mold

11. Three major groups of Fungi • Club Fungi • Mushrooms, puffballs, bracket fungi, rusts, smuts, toadstools • Sac Fungi • Yeast, morels, truffles • Zygote • Water mold, potato blight, mildew, fruit and bread mold

12. Morels are Ascomycete Fungi

13. Truffles are round, warty, fungi that are irregular in shape. They vary from the size of a walnut to that of a man's fist. Since the times of the Greeks and Romans these fungi have been used in Europe as delicacies, as aphrodisiacs, and as medicines. They are among the most expensive of the world's natural foods, often commanding as much as $250 to $450 per pound.

14. Basidiomycete or Club Fungi

15. The Role of Fungi in Nature • Food and Fungi • Yeasts make bread rise • Molds are used to make cheese • Mushrooms on pizza yum! • Environmental Recycling • Decomposers—break down chemicals in dead organisms • Disease-Fighting • Penicillium—mold that produces antibiotics which kill bacteria. • Disease-Causing • Athlete’s foot and ring worm • Dutch elm disease • Corn smut and wheat rust

16. Fruticose Crustose • Lichens • A fungus and algae or autotrophic bacteria living together in a mutualistic relationship • Fungus provides shelter, water, and minerals • Algae/bacteria provide food Foliose

17. Fungus Plant root Associations • The hyphae spread out underground and absorb water and nutrients from the soil for the plant. • Plant benefits include: • Improved nutrient/water uptake • Improved root growth • Improved plant growth • Improved disease resistance • Reduced drought stress

18. Cap Gills Hyphae

19. Fungi Characteristics •       1) Multicellular Eukaryote organisms • 2) Heterotrophs and major Decomposers •      3) Reproduce sexually and asexually • Asexually by spores • Sexually by mating of hyphae filaments • 4) Cell wall made of Chitin • 5) Need moist, warm places in which to grow.