Contents

1. China’s Progresses towards MDGs and Implications for Post-2015 Development AgendaJiantuo YuChina Development Research Foundation

2. Contents • China’s Progresses towards MDGs • Challenges Remained • Implications for Post-2015 Development Agenda

3. 1. China’s Progresses towards MDGs • MDGs • Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger • Achieve universal primary education • Promote gender equality and empower women • Reduce child mortality • Improve maternal health • Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • Ensure environmental sustainability • Develop a global partnership for development

4. 1. China’s Progresses towards MDGs (Cont’d) • Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Source: World Bank (2012) Source: National Bureau of Statistics (2011)

5. 1. China’s Progresses towards MDGs (Cont’d) • Achieve universal primary education Source: MOFA and UN China (2010)

6. 1. China’s Progresses towards MDGs (Cont’d) • Promote gender equality and empower women • Gender composition of students receiving various levels of education (2008) • Higher Education: Male 50.1% vs. Female 49.9% • Senior Middle School: Male 52.2% vs Female 47.8% • Junior Middle School: Male 52.6% vs. Female 47.4% • Primary School: Male 53.6% vs. Female 46.4% • Preschool Education: Male 55.1% vs. Female 44.9% • Female Composition of NPC Members: around 21% since 1978

7. 1. China’s Progresses towards MDGs (Cont’d) • Reduce child mortality Source: NBS (2011)

8. Prevalence of Underweight among Under-5 Children • Child Nutrition Prevalence of Stunting among Under-5 Children Source: Ministry of Health (2012)

9. 1. China’s Progresses towards MDGs (Cont’d) • Improve maternal health Source: NBS (2011) Source; MOFA and UN China (2010)

10. 1. China’s Progresses towards MDGs (Cont’d) • Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Source: MOFA and UN China (2010)

11. Incidence rate, Mortality Rate and Fatality Rate of Malaria Source: MOFA and UN China (2010)

12. 1. China’s Progresses towards MDGs (Cont’d) • Ensure environmental sustainability Source: MOFA and UN China (2010)

13. 1. China’s Progresses towards MDGs (Cont’d) Energy consumption of per unit GDP ( tons oil equivalent/million USD) Source: MOFA and UN China (2010) Source; OECD (2010)

14. 1. China’s Progresses towards MDGs (Cont’d) • Any experience? • Marketization and industrialization • Pro-poor economic growth • Protection of property right • Equal land distribution • Sufficient employment • Rapid development infrastructure • Rapid accumulation and relative equal distribution of human capital • Improvement of gender equality • Significant decline of fertility rate

15. 2. Challenges Remained • Inequality in economic and social opportunities Sources: CDRF & UNDP (2005, UNSTATS (2007), Cong and Li (2010), NBS (2011)

16. Inequality in economic and social opportunities (Based on CDRF pilot survey) Children Stunting Rate in Xundian Children Anemia Rate in Xundian Sources: CDRF (2011)

17. Inadequate focus on child poverty (CDRF survey 2007) Source: CDRF (2007)

18. Population live below 2 $/day Source: World Bank( 2012) & ADB (2012)

19. 2. Challenges Remained (Cont’d) Energy Security and Environment Protection • Environmental challenge China World Carbon Emissions US World Total Primary Energy Consumption by Region, 1990-2030 Source: OECD (2010)

20. 2. Challenges Remained (Cont’d) • Ageing Population

21. 2. Challenges Remained (Cont’d) • Ageing population Source: OECD (2012)

22. 2. Challenges Remained (Cont’d) • Natural Disasters • Earthquake • Flood • Drought • Others

23. 3. Implications for Post-2015 Development Agenda • Raise the poverty line • 2$/day • Relative poverty line • Focus more on child poverty • Give more priority to equal human capital investment • Early child development • Pre-school education • School meal program • Establish an integrated disaster risk management framework and incorporate it into new development agenda • Adopt green growth strategy and invest more on R&D

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