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Palabras indefinidas y negativas

Palabras indefinidas y negativas. Palabras Indefinidas y Negativas. Indefinite words: Used to refer to non-specific people or things. (Positive) i.e. Someone, Something, Anything, etc. Negative words: Used to negate or contradict things. (Negative)

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Palabras indefinidas y negativas

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  1. Palabras indefinidas y negativas

  2. PalabrasIndefinidasy Negativas • Indefinite words: Used to refer to non-specific people or things. (Positive) • i.e. Someone, Something, Anything, etc. • Negative words: Used to negate or contradict things. (Negative) -i.e. No, no one, nobody, never, nothing, etc.

  3. PalabrasIndefinidas(Positive) Algo = something, anything Alguien = someone 1.) “¿Deseas algo?” “Sí, quiero un café con leche.” 2.) ¿Viene alguien más? “En diez minutos viene mi esposo.”

  4. PRONOUNS - PRONOMBRE - Algo and alguien are PRONOUNS. - Theytakethe place of a noun.

  5. 1.) “¿Deseas algo?” “Sí, quiero un café con leche.” Algois a pronounbecauseittakesthe place of café con leche. 2.) ¿Viene alguien más? “En diez minutos viene mi esposo.” Alguien is a pronounbecauseittakesthe place of _____________.

  6. PALABRAS NEGATIVAS(Negative) Nada = Nothing Nadie = No one, nobody There are two ways to form a negative sentence: A. Place the negative word before the verb. 1.) Nada está bien. 2.) Nadie come plástico. B. Place NObefore the verb and the negative word after the verb. 1.) No está nadabien. 2.) No come nadieplástico.

  7. Nota la diferencia: • Nada necesito. • No necesito nada. • Nadie habla. • No habla nadie. • Nunca comemos huevos. • No comemos huevos nunca.

  8. PRONOUNS - PRONOMBRE • Nada and Nadie are pronouns. • Theytakethe place of a noun.

  9. PRONOUNS - PRONOMBRES • Yo no desayuno nada. • Pero ella siempre come algo. • No conocemos a nadie. * • ¿Llamas a alguien? * *In thesesentencesitisnecessaryto use theSpanish personal “a”.

  10. The Personal“A” • The first step in learning how to use personal 'a' is to understand the basic grammar terms 'subject', 'verb' and 'direct object':

  11. The Personal“A” 1) I see a table. 2) I see Maria. • 'I' is the subject • 'see' is the verb • both 'table' and 'Maria' are direct objects. In other words, the direct objects are receiving the action of the verb. They answer the question “what?” and “who?”

  12. The rule for using personal ‘A’: • When the direct object is a person, an 'a' is placed in front of it. •  So the two sentences above are translated as: 1) Yoveouna mesa. 2) YoveoaMaría.

  13. HINT: If the object can perform the same action as the subject than you need to use the personal “A” (except with tener and hay). Porejemplo: • I see a table. (The table cannot see me.) No “A”. • I see Maria. (Maria can see me.) Use the “A”.

  14. MORE PALABRAS INDEFINIDAS(positive) Algún Alguno one, any Alguna Algunos some, a few, Algunas several, any

  15. MORE PALABRAS INDEFINIDAS(positive) • Vamos a algúnlado. Let’s go somewhere. • ¿Alguno de ustedesDo any of you work trabaja en pensilvania? In Pennsylvania? • Algunachica se va a Some girl will marry casarcontigo. you. • Algunoschicosbailanbien. Some boys dance well. • Algunaschicasbailan mal. Some girls dance badly.

  16. MÁS PALABRAS NEGATIVAS ningún ningunonone, no one, ninguna notany *Alwaysused in the singular form. NEVER AS NINGUNOS OR NINGUNAS

  17. ¿Tiene algúnmensaje para la profesora? • El profesor tiene algunoslibros rusos. • Tienesalgunafruta. • No, no tengo ningún mensaje para ella. • Nosotros no tenemos ningún libro ruso. • No, no tengoningunafruta. Note that in the above examples the positive and negative words are used as adjectives. That means they describe (modify) the noun. When used as an adjective make sure you use the appropriate ending “-a”, “-o”,”-as”, “-os”. However, when used to “modify” a singular masculine noun you do NOT use an “o” at the end and you MUST add an accent mark to the “u”.

  18. USED AS PRONOUNS - PRONOMBRES Often in your response to a questionyou do notneedtorestatethenoun. You can replaceitwithyour “palabra indefinida o negativa”. Itbecomes a “pronoun” – replacesthenoun. • ¿Tienen yogur? • Lo siento, no queda ninguno. • ¿ Conoces a las chicas? • No, no conoczo a ninguna. • Yo tengo bananas. • Dame algunas. ** Again, pay attention to your endings. They must match in gender and number. You would never use the word “ningún” as a pronoun. It must be followed by a noun.

  19. ADVERBS - ADVERBIOS (Recuerde: Adverbsmodifyverbs.)

  20. ADVERBIOS • Siempre desayuno una rosquilla con queso de crema. • Tomo jugo de naranja también. • Elsa nunca come tocino. • Tampoco come salchichas.

  21. El profesor ideal (pg 175):en parejas… Usa expresiones indefinidas (algo, siempre, etc) y palabras negativas (nada, nunca, ect) para escribir CINCO oraciones sobre lo que el profesor ideal hace o no hace: MODELO: El profesor ideal siempre llega a clase a tiempo.

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