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Architectural Systems: Linking Aesthetics and Engineering

Explore the interplay between architecture and engineering systems, from conceptual understanding to practical checklist application. Learn how to balance aesthetics with functionality for a harmonious built environment. Dive into diagrams, sustainable design, and system components to create impactful spaces. Discover the power of architectural choices and the importance of system integration for successful design outcomes.

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Architectural Systems: Linking Aesthetics and Engineering

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  1. Lecture Overview • Linking Architects to Systems • Communicating Conceptual Understanding • The Checklist • Basic Sizing Tricks • Results – “Insipid to Inspired”

  2. Architects use Light as an Aesthetic • Boardwalk Hall, Atlantic City, NJ

  3. …its also an Engineering System • Bloomberg Financial, Princeton, NJ

  4. Human Perception is an Aesthetic Goal • Sight • Sound • Touch • Smell • Taste • Sense of Safety • Sense of Comfort • Sense of Functionality

  5. Wind Environment is an Aesthetic

  6. Wind & Building is also a System

  7. Perception is Quantifiable • Convection – 40% • Radiation – 40% • Evaporation – 20% • Conduction - <1% • Air Motion • Net Radiation • Relative Humidity • Air Temperature

  8. …and thus an Engineering System • Stale • Stuffy • Fine • Drafty • Windy Warmer Air Cooler Air Stale Windy

  9. …where Architectural choices matter!

  10. Conceptual Understanding • Layperson’s View • Engineer’s View • Diagrams as a Tool • Diagrams as a Sales Pitch

  11. Diagrams Illustrate Choices • Illuminate the Building….or • ….Highlight a lighting effect

  12. Communicate to a Layperson

  13. …or Communicate to a Contractor

  14. Building Incoming Water Diagram CW Main runs in 1st Floor Ceiling Plenum Need Bsmt Room for Pump, etc.

  15. Building Leaving Water Diagram Need thick walls for Sanitary stacks

  16. Diagrams communicate Intent

  17. System studies allow exploration of coordination

  18. System studies can express character of the space

  19. Diagrams Sell Ideas

  20. …a Vignette on Hot/Humid Sustainable Design • Delicate Energy Balancing • Ventilation Breezes • Use of Shade • Thermal Flywheeling

  21. Sustainable System for Hot – Humid Region • Reduce penetration of radiation • Remove inside heat • Enhance evaporation • Increase air motion

  22. Elongate East-West with Deep Overhangs

  23. Elevate Floor & Ventilate Roof & House

  24. Landscape Elements – Shading / Reduce Glare

  25. …and Now for something Completely Boring! • The Systems Checklist • HVAC Basics • Using a “Basis of Design” • Conceptual Quantification

  26. The “Checklist” Power Water Misc. • Supply point? • Transformer? • Inside vs. Outside • Emergency Power? • Distribution Panels • Supply (well, city, tank) • Treatment? • Metering? • Inside vs. Outside • Sprinklers? • Fire Pump? • Hot Water? • Wastewater? • Elevations? • Storm Water? • Telephones? • Internet? • CATV? • Security? • Public Address? • Central Clock? • Lightning Protection? • Multi-Media • Med-gases • Nurse alarm, etc.

  27. HVAC Checklist – The Basics • Will building be conditioned? {heated, cooled} • Heat type? {radiation, forced air, passive air} • Heat source? {electricity, gas, oil, solar, geothermal} • Distribution? {water, air, none (self-contained)} • Cooling type? {radiation, forced air, passive air} • Cooling source? {electricity, gas/oil, evaporation, geothermal} • Distribution? {water, air, DX, none (self-contained)}

  28. Air Systems • Air units? {large central, multiple mid-size, many local} • Air balanced? {supply, return, outside air, exhaust, pressure} • Air ducts? {exposed, concealed – do they fit?} Water Systems • Water units (radiators)? {floor, wall, ceiling}

  29. Heat • Water source? {boiler, solar, heat pump} • Component locations? {boiler room, roof panels} • Utility requirements? {electricity, gas, oil} Cooling • Water source? {chiller, heat pump - location} • Chiller System? {air cooled, water cooled - location} • DX? {compressor/condenser locations}

  30. Basis of Design - Systems

  31. How big is that Duct? • 1 CFM (cubic feet per minute) per SF of space • 1000 FPM (feet per minute) of air velocity

  32. Example • 10,000 SF floor area served by (1) AHU system • 1cfm x 10,000sf / 1,000fpm = 10 SF of duct area • Don’t forget supply…AND….return air • 20 SF = 24” high by 120” wide, or 36x84, etc.

  33. System Components / Spaces • Cooling Towers = 10’ to 20’ tall • Air Handling Units = 8’ to 35’ long (4’ – 10’ wide) • Main Switchgear = 10’ – 20’ long • Fire Pump rooms = 10’ x 15’ • IT Rooms = 10’ x 15’ • Electric Closets = 8’ x 10’

  34. ….and the Result is?

  35. A World without Architecture

  36. …..is a world left to its Own Devices.

  37. Accommodation without Control…..

  38. ….versus Accommodation with Control

  39. Nice….but

  40. Details Matter

  41. Rhythm without…..vs. Rhythm with Order

  42. The Results • Systems have a “natural” or “normal” mode • Systems can be aesthetically challenging • Architect’s who understand systems …win! • Don’t let systems steamroll your Aesthetic • Understanding leads to accommodation • Accommodation leads to Aesthetic Control

  43. Industry made into Art • Rhythm • Order • Scale • Module • Layered

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