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Timeline Review

Timeline Review. Native Americans of North America. Creation. Beginning of Time Creation of the earth by animals (divers) Creation of Humans. Migration. Arrival from the stars – oral history Arrival from inside the earth – oral history Bering Strait theory – archaeological support

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Timeline Review

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  1. Timeline Review Native Americans of North America

  2. Creation • Beginning of Time • Creation of the earth by animals (divers) • Creation of Humans

  3. Migration • Arrival from the stars – oral history • Arrival from inside the earth – oral history Bering Strait theory – archaeological support • Boat theory – archaeological and linguistic support

  4. Folsom and Clovis Spear Points • Found in 1925 at Folsom, New Mexico, archaeologists found worked flint alongside the bones of a bison species known extinct for about 8,000 years. • Found in 1932 at Clovis, New Mexico, spear points are found that generally are considered the benchmark for the beginning of human habitation in America at 11.5K

  5. Further Back? • Meadowcroft Rock Shelter in Pennsylvania may have been inhabited by humans 20,000 years ago. • Siberian spear points 40,000 years ago. • DNA theory – modern humans left Africa 50k years ago, replacing early humans • Asian tools from 1.36 million years ago. • African bones from 2.5 million years ago.

  6. Mesoamerica • From at least 7000 B.C., Mesoamericans hunted large game, including mammoths, and gathered wild plants for food. • By 1500 B.C. Mesoamericans domesticated plants such as corns, beans and squash, and created the first settlements. Household artifacts such as small clay idols suggest the rise of complex religious beliefs.

  7. Olmec Culture • Gulf Coast of Mexico from 1200 to 400 B.C. • Laid out towns with a central axis • San Lorenzo was built around a ceremonial core created with millions of cubic feet of earth moved in baskets. • Distinguished by works of art to include 20-ton stone heads, representing early rulers?

  8. Teotihuacan (A.D. 1- 650) • The first great urban center of the Americas. • Planned city near present-day Mexico City that dominated the region for 500 years. • Peak population of 200,000. • Origins of art or neither Olmec or Maya? • 10,000 square miles of farmers, artisans, and traders were under its domain.

  9. Classic Maya (A.D. 250-900) • Featured city-states, each with its own king and governors who managed towns. • Famed for mathematics, which included the use of the “zero” concept. • Elaborate calendar. • Began to decline under weight of population and lack of resources.

  10. Aztec (1200-1521) • Empire stretched from present-day Mexico City through Guatemala. • The names they applied to ancient cultures are the ones we use today. • Elaborate ceremonial complexes and cities. • The fall of the Aztecs to the Spanish ended Mesoamerica’s empires

  11. Civilizations of theSouthwest • Mogollon – “Mountain People” along the mountain range bordering southern NM/AZ. They Farmers, built social and ceremonial kivas, and ultimately pueblos. End: 1400AD • Hohokam – “Vanished ones” from southern AZ used extensive irrigation in the desert. Connected to Mesoamericans - art, agriculture, pottery, ball courts w/rubber balls, keeping macaws as pets. End:1500AD

  12. Civilizations of the Southwest • Anasazi – “Ancient Ones” lived in the current four-corners area of UT/CO/AZ/NM • Began about 100 BC, lasted until circa 1300 • First period: Basket maker period, and began living in semi-permanent rounded and domed structures, eventually giving away to Mogollon/Hohokam-style pit homes

  13. Anasazi (continued) • Pit houses gave away to the Pueblo in about 750 AD. • Apartment like structures

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