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Understanding Labor Unions: History, Membership Decline, & Collective Bargaining

Dive into the world of labor unions with a comprehensive guide covering their rise to power, reasons for membership decline, types of workplaces, and how collective bargaining works. Explore the impact of strikes, settlements, and key events like the Haymarket riot and F.D.R. administration on unions. Discover the vocabulary associated with labor unions and learn about the factors contributing to the decline in private sector union membership.

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Understanding Labor Unions: History, Membership Decline, & Collective Bargaining

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  1. Bell Ringer • What is the most common tool associated with unions? • What are 3 options that both sides can take in a collective bargaining agreement? • What reasons might have led to the decline in union membership?

  2. Chapter 9 - Labor Section 1

  3. Objectives • Define labor union, and explain how unions rose to power in the United States. • Analyze the reasons for the decline in union membership in the last few decades • Describe the types of union workplaces • Summarize how collective bargaining works • Evaluate the pros and cons of labor strikes, and explain how settlements are reached

  4. Vocabulary • Labor Union • Strike • Industrial Union • Craft Union • Right-to-work Law • Blue-collar worker • White-collar worker

  5. Vocabulary • Labor Union – organization of workers that tries to improve conditions, wages, and benefits for members • Strike – organized work stoppage intended to force an employer to address union demands • Industrial Union – organization of workers in a variety of occupations within a single industry • Craft Union – organization of workers in a single occupation • Right-to-work Law – bans mandatory union membership • Blue-collar worker – person who works industrial job, earns wages • White-collar worker – a professional who earns salary

  6. What does a Union do? • 3 factors of production: Land, Labor, and Capital • Labor Union • By joining together employees can make an impact on the conditions of their work. • Strike

  7. Industrial Revolution • Why the need for Unions? • Poor working conditions • 12-16 hour days • $2/week • Lowell Factory Girls

  8. Emergence of Unions • 1869 Knights of Labor • Industrial union • African American and Women Membership • 1886 American Federation of Labor • Samuel Gompers • Craft union • Congress of Industrial Organizations

  9. Haymarket riot • Pullman Railroad strike • ILGWU • Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

  10. Company response to unionization • Identified and fired union organizers • “Yellow-dog” contracts • Injunctions • Pinkerton Agency • Claimed unions violated the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890

  11. F.D.R Administration • Norris-La Guardia Act (1932) • National Labor Relations Act (1935) • Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) • As a result union membership soared

  12. Decline of the Unions • Teamsters • Corruption in the Unions • Taft-Hartley Act (1947) • Right-to-work laws

  13. Why the decline in private sector? • 1. Less blue-collar workers, more white collar • 2. Outsourcing of manufacturing • 3. Women in the Labor Force • 4. Industries moved South • 5. Goals of the Unions have been fulfilled • Evidence: Laws for safety standards in workplace • Public sector unions have increased.

  14. Vocabulary • Types of Workplaces • Closed Shop • Union Shop • Agency Shop

  15. Vocabulary • Types of Workplaces • Closed Shop – hires only union members • Now illegal • Union Shop – will hire nonunion members but requires membership after period of time • Agency Shop – will hire nonunion members does not require membership • Free-rider problem

  16. Vocabulary • Collective Bargaining – union and company representatives meet to negotiate labor contract • Settlement Techniques • Mediation • Arbitration

  17. Vocabulary • Collective Bargaining – union and company representatives meet to negotiate labor contract • Settlement Techniques • Mediation – a neutral mediator meets with each side to try to find a solution that both sides will accept • Arbitration – a third party reviews the case and imposes a decision that is legally binding for both sides

  18. Collective Bargaining Agreement • Wages and Benefits • Working Conditions • Job Security • If CBAs are at a standstill • Strikes • Mediation • Arbitration

  19. Homework • Ask a parent or grandparent to describe one of their first jobs. • Ask them: • How old were they? • What were the working conditions, the pay, the hours? • How did they like the job? Their co-workers? • Take notes and be prepared to share with your classmates.

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