Australia

1. Australia

2. History of Australia • Aborigines migrated from Asia at least 40,000 years ago. • Aborigines had complex religious beliefs and social structures. • Simple economy with hunting and gathering.

4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUp9WnLYetg&feature=related

5. 1600-1700s, European explorers came to the islands. • British declare Australia to be Terra Nullius empty land. • Aborigines did not use the land the way Westerners did, therefore, the British had the right to take the land without treaties to the Aborigines. • 1788 Britain began to colonize Australia as a penal colony for prisoners.

6. Europeans settled on the most fertile land. • British colonists had violent conflicts with the Aborigines who tried to defend their land. • Aborigines forced to live on reserves  less productive land. • 1851, gold discovered bringing more Europeans.

7. 1901, Australian independence. • Australian government continued persecution of the Aborigines. • 1909-1969  government took 100,000 mixed-race children and gave them to white families to assimilate them. • Known as the Stolen Generation • Aborigines have less education and higher rates of poverty.

8. Aborigines have made claims to their original land. • Mabo Case  Aborigines had owned land before British. • Wik Case  Aborigines can begin to claim land owned by others.

9. Australia’s economy • Dependent on the production of farm goods. • Wool and mining are major industries. • Mining difficult  Outback conditions

11. Australia’s culture • Most Australians are of British descent; 1% are Aboriginal. • Christianity is the major religion. • English is the official language. • Aborigines have ancient traditions that are NOT combined with British culture.

14. New Zealand“land of the Kiwi” NEW ZEALAND

15. History of New Zealand • New Zealand was settled by the Maori, who had migrated from Polynesia more than 1,000 years ago. • Maori lived by fishing, hunting, and farming.

17. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cle20lQg0Qs • http://www.spike.com/full-episodes/heji8r/deadliest-warrior-shaolin-monk-vs-maori-warrior-season-1-ep-107 • Deadliest Warrior, maori (find scene)

18. New Zealand was colonized by hunters and whalers from Europe, America, and Australia. • In New Zealand, 1840, British and Maori signed the Treaty of Waitangi, giving British control over New Zealand.

19. Different translations between groups. • English version gave complete control • Maori version gave Britain “governorship.”

20. Land Wars lasted from 1845-1847 and from 1860-1872. • Tens of thousands of Maoris died from diseases. • Gold was discovered in 1861 bringing more Europeans.

21. New Zealand gained self-governance in 1907. • 1893, New Zealand became the first country to grant women the vote. • Maori have lower education and live in higher poverty. • Working for claims to their original land.

22. New Zealand economy • New Zealand remains in the British Commonwealth. • Main export is the kiwi fruit, along with lamb. • 85% of people live in cities.

24. New Zealand Culture • New Zealand people are of British descent called pakehas (“white person” in Maori). • 15% of New Zealanders are of Maori descent.

25. New Zealand and Maori culture are blended together. • Both are official languages. • Religion combines Christianity with Maori traditional teachings.

26. Cities are un-crowded, quiet and free of pollution. • Outdoor sports are popular including skiing and mountain climbing.