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Challenges of Westward Migration: Geographical Obstacles & Settlement Issues

Explore the hurdles faced by migrants moving west, from harsh weather conditions to transportation challenges, and settlement obstacles encountered by pioneers. Learn about various trails, lifestyle changes, and settlement struggles during this period of American history.

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Challenges of Westward Migration: Geographical Obstacles & Settlement Issues

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  1. Warm Up (3rd Period) How might geographical features provide obstacles (problems) for migrating west?

  2. Warm Up (4th Period) Miss G has given you a work sheet with fill-in-the-blank questions. Start reading and working on this work sheet right away. You have until 1:00! On your warm-up sheet, write “Farmers Tame the Frontier”

  3. Review • Miners • Ranchers & Cowboys • Railroad Owners • Railroad Workers • Native Americans • Settlers • African-Americans/ “Exodusters” • Mormons

  4. CaliforniaGoldRush • 1848: discovery of gold • Sutter’s Mill • Secret gets out! • 1849: 40,000 migrants from East • Another 40,000 boarded steamships for San Fran.

  5. Oregon Trail • Trail first used in 1836 • Began in Independence, MO • Over 2100 miles! • Through Rocky Mts. • Extended to Oregon Country

  6. Oregon Trail • Most of people who travelled the Oregon Trail were men • Women rarely travelled alone • 1840-1860: one estimate says 269,000 people travelled OT • Many die along trail • ~10%

  7. Mormon Trail • Trail began in Nauvoo, IL • Principle setting of Mormonism • 1846-1868 • Paralleled Oregon Trail for most of the route • Ends in Salt Lake City, Utah

  8. Mormon Trail • Like Oregon Trail, had to travel in certain months • “Handcart pioneers”: 1856-1860 • Handcarts instead of wagons • Attract poor European immigrants

  9. Chisholm Trail • 1867 • From San Antonio, TX to Abilene, KS • “Cow towns” = towns that would spring up on rail lines • $$$

  10. Chisholm Trail • Ended in 1880s when rail lines reached cattle country

  11. So what problems would migrants encounter on these trails?What problems would they have once they settle?

  12. Transportation • Covered wagons • Many deaths due to wagon accidents! • Handcarts • Walking!

  13. Weather Conditions • Rain storms/floods • HARSH WINTERS! • Fires

  14. Lifestyle • Different jobs available • Sod homes/Soddies: a home built of blocks of prairie turf • Outdoor life • Religious freedom (Mormons!)

  15. Closer Describe in 20 words or less what a soddy home might look and smell like.

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