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Global Processes, Including C, N Cycles and the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere

Global Processes, Including C, N Cycles and the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere. General Needs: To reduce uncertainties for key measurements To increase spatial/temporal coverage for key species/parameters To fill gaps in present suite of surface, remote, airborne measurements

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Global Processes, Including C, N Cycles and the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere

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  1. Global Processes, Including C, N Cycles and the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere • General Needs: • To reduce uncertainties for key measurements • To increase spatial/temporal coverage for key species/parameters • To fill gaps in present suite of surface, remote, airborne measurements • Focus determined by • science needs, • technological advances, and • community cooperation to improve measurement confidence, data set comparability,and accessibility • Primarily in situ focus, likely a function of group backgrounds

  2. Surface network measurements (e.g. Ameriflux, Aeronet, GAW) • cross-calibration to link multiple data sets • consistency of coverage, accuracy, precision • contribute a centralized repository of data in a synthesized form that is/can be made available to other communities • modelling • satellite measuremen • What to do about undersampled regions? • LAOF facilities can play a role to link and validate diverse data sets such as surface meaasurements, satellite measurements, and model products

  3. Aerosol measurement • Science need: still a large uncertainty in IPCC assessment of aerosol indirect effect • Steps needed: • predict CCN contribution to accumulation mode aerosols • connection between CCN and radiative properties • Measurement needs: • more frequent CCN measurements or find surrogate correlation (e.g. CCN-AOD) to link rad effect to present network measurements • additional supersaturations • reduce incidence of pressure perturbations • method validation exercises • intercomparisons • compare measurements in specific areas to physical models

  4. Aerosol measurement • Science need: Better understanding of drizzle genesis processes • Measurement needs: • scattering aerosol probes inadequate for measuring precipitation sized droplets (1-10 um range) • new technologies show promise for improvements • phase doppler in situ method • 95 and 220 GHz radar

  5. Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles Science needs: Climate change characterization, trends SH underrepresented Characterization and effects of land use change Emission database validation and improvement

  6. Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles • CO2 • surface measurements ok, cross validation a focus area • airborne fluxes can easily develop correlated motion sensitivity -> artifact • Methane • more extensive, higher resolution measurements needed, especially fluxes • Soil moisture, temperature -> N cycle • VOCs to better understand emissions, gas phase transformation, and the role of VOCs in aersool formation processes • other N species: PANs, NH3, N2O • Hg: oxidized species measurement a hot new area of research

  7. UT/LS • Science needs: • composition • mechanisms of exchange • trends with climate change • to what degree does strat O3 contribute to tropospheric levels? • Measurement need: H2O • many methods, lots of disagreement • increased coordination of validation across organization, but we need more • community calibration facility needed for absolute and relative humidity measurements • could be extended to other species (e.g. co2) • profile measurements: Reference radiosonde development • profile measurements: LIDAR a gap

  8. UT/LS • GPS measurements may be a missed opportunity • need for more extensive routine measurements covering a broader spatial extent • either as surface network or deployable facilities • not expensive

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