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AXIAL SKELETON

AXIAL SKELETON. Skull - 29 bones Thorax - 12 x 2 ribs + sternum Vertebral Column - cervical 7 bones - thoracic 12 bones - lumbar 5 bones - coccyx 4 bones. APPENDICULAR SKELETON. Upper Extremities - shoulder to carpals - 32 x 2 (right and left)

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AXIAL SKELETON

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  1. AXIAL SKELETON • Skull -29 bones • Thorax -12 x 2 ribs + sternum • Vertebral Column- cervical 7 bones - thoracic 12 bones - lumbar 5 bones - coccyx 4 bones

  2. APPENDICULAR SKELETON • Upper Extremities - shoulder to carpals - 32 x 2 (right and left) • Lower Extremities - pelvis to tarsals - 31 x 2 (right and left)

  3. SKELETON FUNCTIONS • Protect vital organs • Support soft tissues - fascia, tendon, ligament • Manufacture red blood cells • Reservoir for minerals - calcium, phosphate • Attachments for muscles • Levers and Pulleys for muscle torques

  4. Physical Stress on Bones • Compression - pressing together • Tension - pulling apart • Torsion - twisting • Shear - tearing across

  5. Forces acting on player1. Racket Weight2. Air Resistance3. Ball Impact4. Stroke Type> flat stroke> top spin stroke SEE Fig 3-2 page 63 Basic Biomechanics4th editionSusan J. Hall

  6. Properties of Tendons/Ligaments • Elasticity - tissue’s ability to stretch and return to its original length • Elastic Limit - point of no return to original length • Plasticity - tissue stretched beyond Elastic Limit (stays lengthened)

  7. Factors - Stability of Articulation • Bone Arrangement- strong = one “fits” into other (knee, elbow joints) • Ligament Arrangement - quality and quantity • Muscle Arrangement – stabilizing lines of force

  8. ROMRange of Motion

  9. ROM Factors(Range of Motion) • Shape of Articulation- elbow versus shoulder • Tightness of Muscles & Ligaments • Size of Adjacent Tissue- muscle, adipose • Restrictive Clothing/Equipment/Devices

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