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Fluid Mechanics Principles & Applications

Fluid Mechanics Principles & Applications. Educate.spsu.edu/faculty website SPSU e-mail “afm” Syllabus Notes - schedules Power Point. AFM. Outcomes Credits Text: Applied Fluid Mechanics, 6 th Edition, Robert Mott. AFM.

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Fluid Mechanics Principles & Applications

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  1. Fluid Mechanics Principles & Applications • Educate.spsu.edu/faculty website • SPSU e-mail • “afm” • Syllabus • Notes - schedules • Power Point

  2. AFM • Outcomes • Credits • Text: Applied Fluid Mechanics, 6th Edition, Robert Mott

  3. AFM • Impacts: chemical manufacture, automobile systems, electrical generation, petroleum refining, water treatment

  4. AFM • Extensive impact on everyday life • Home hot water system • Potable water • Waste water • Natural gas • HVAC • Refrigeration

  5. AFM • Automobiles: fuel system, cooling system, brakes, power steering • Manufacturing: machine operations • Farming: harvesting • Construction: earth moving • Mining • Aircraft: control surfaces, landing gear

  6. AFM • Mathematical approach → empirical approach • AFM: basics → working equation → application

  7. Practice Text examples, class examples, homework, tests

  8. AFM • Learn A • A basis for learning B • Read text • Examples • Homework • Questions • One minute paper

  9. AFM • Learning Styles: Improves understanding and retention. • Active – work problems, apply in lab, discuss in class, explain to someone. • Visual – pictures, diagrams, demonstrations. • Sequential – build knowledge in logical steps

  10. AFM • “You can take this course one of two ways, seriously or again.” Dr. Neathery – Oklahoma State Univ.

  11. AFM • Technicians: trained in set procedures; focus on how, what, when. • Engineers: learned basics; know why. Broader knowledge base.

  12. AFM • No cookbook • Orderly/logical approach • Read carefully • Describe system • Sketch • Assumptions • Principles & working equations; tables & graphs • Solve • Reasonable

  13. Approach • “Most difficulties encountered are due not to lack of knowledge, rather due to lack of organization (of what you know).” Dr. Cengel, N.C. State Univ.

  14. AFM • Assumptions – reasonable

  15. Solve Equation • Include units • Consistent unit system • Significant digits • Equation is a representation of an actual physical process, not an exercise in mathematics.

  16. AFM • Reasonable result • Make sense? • Sign • Units • Magnitude

  17. AFM • Presentations in real world: bosses & customers: logical, neat, & orderly • In AFM, to Instructor. Use same standard

  18. AFM • Solid mechanics – objects stationary (statics) or moving (dynamics) • Fluid mechanics – fluids at rest or in motion • Gas – fills available volume; no resistance to stress • Liquid – limited volume; responds to stress by continuous deformation.

  19. AFM • Gases – compressible • Liquids – ordinarily incompressible. • Hydrostatics • Hydrodynamics: closed pipe, open channel, external flow

  20. Unit Systems • SI • USCS

  21. Properties • Characteristics of system • Mass • Weight • Density • Specific weight • Specific gravity

  22. Properties • Specific volume • Ideal gas law • Compressibility: bulk modulus • Temperature • Engineering • Absolute

  23. Viscosity • Resistance to deformation • Proportionality constant • Absolute • Kinematic • Saybolt viscometer • Viscosity index

  24. SAE viscosity • SAE10W-40 • 10W for cold cranking engine • 40 for engine operating temperature

  25. Viscosity • Temperature dependence • Liquid • Gas • Shear dependence - rheology

  26. Pressure • Intensity of a force • System property • Vs reference: gage, atmospheric, absolute • Pascal’s Paradox • Manometer • Barometer • U-tube

  27. Examples • Mercury manometer is connected to an air duct to measure its insice pressure. The manometer deflection is 15mm. Atmospheric pressure is 100kPa. Find the duct’s absolute pressure. Hg  = 13,600kg/m3.

  28. Examples • Refer figure. Find the manometer deflection.

  29. Pascal’s Law • An increase in pressure in an enclosed system will be transmitted throughout the entire system.

  30. Hydraulic jack: Homework • Exert 100N on jack handle; support what force?

  31. Homework • Oil with a specific gravity 0f 0.8 forms a layer 0.9m deep in an open tank that is otherwise filled with water having a depth of 2.10m. The water temperature is 10oC. • Calculate h • Calculate P at the bottom of the tank in gage pressure

  32. Assignment • Mott: Chapters 1, 2, & 3

  33. QUESTIONS

  34. References • Images & examples • Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals & Applications, 6th Edition, Cengel & Cimbala, McGraw Hill • Applied Fluid Mechanics, 6th Edition, Mott, Prentice Hall • Engineering Fluid Mechanics, 5th Edition Crowe, Elger, & Roberson, Wiley • Which of the problems were helpful? • Why?

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