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FLUID MECHANICS

FLUID MECHANICS. Presented by KEERTHI KUMARI B M.Tech , Assistant Professor DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING VISAKHA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY. FLUID MECHANICS.

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FLUID MECHANICS

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  1. FLUIDMECHANICS Presented by KEERTHI KUMARI B M.Tech, Assistant Professor DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICALENGINEERING VISAKHA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

  2. FLUIDMECHANICS Fluid Mechanics is that branch ofscience which deals with behaviour of the fluids atrest as well as inmotion

  3. Fluid mechanics can we divided into 3 divisions: • Hydrostatics: that studies the mechanics of fluids at absolute and relativerest. • Kinematics: deals with translation, rotation and deformation of fluid without considering the force and energy causing such amotion. • Dynamics: that prescribes the relation between velocities and acceleration and the forces which are exerted by or upon the movingfluids.

  4. What isFluid ? • Matter exist in two principalforms: • Solid • Fluids • Fluids are further sub-dividedinto: • Liquid • Gas

  5. For all practical purposes , the liquids and solids can be regarded as incompressible.This means that pressure and temperature have practically no effect on them.Eg Water, Kerosene,petroletc. But Gases are readily compressible fluids.They expand infinitely in the absence of pressure and contract easily under pressure. Eg air ,ammoniaetc.

  6. A DAY FULL OFFLUID MECHANICS

  7. YOU WOKE UP IN THE MORNING ANDTHE ROOM ISCOOL. Coolant circulating Inside it and cool Air which it gives is Fluid

  8. After that you washed your face at thesink.Thewaterwhich comes at your tap is fluid and has come through the piping system which also comes under fluidmechanics.

  9. After that you decided to have your breakfast. The coolant moving inside the small pipes at the back of your refrigerator, and the air circulating inside it are bothfluids.

  10. After finishing your breakfast, You decided to do some cleaningbefore heading to the school. Proper suction of air and filtering the dust requires theknowledge of Fluid Mechanics.

  11. After that you turned on your T.V to get the morningnews. Nothing good, waragain

  12. UNMANNED AIR VEHICLE USED BY US ARMY INAFGHANISTAN

  13. MISSILEAERODYNAMICS

  14. Now it’s the time to go to college, otherwise you will getlate A mixture of fuel like petrol and air is forced by atmospheric (or greater) pressure into the cylinder through the intakeport

  15. Before your class you went toPC lab and took a print out of your assignment. Inkjet printing also involves fluidmechanics.

  16. Knowledge of Fluid Mechanics is essential for proper design of Ships.

  17. Otherwise without the proper knowledge of fluidmechanics, What willhappen

  18. Inthissubject,topicon Model Studies is there which is very important for civilengineers. Model Tests on civil engineering structures such as Dams, canals to predict the working of full size structure and river models assist a civil engineer in the design of flood control structure as well as in the analysis of sediment movement in rivers.

  19. Significance of FluidMechanics • Design of widerange of hydraulic structures (dams,canals) andmachinery • (pumps,turbines). • Fluidic control devices; both pneumatic and hydraulic. • Design and analysis of gas turbine , rocket engine, super sonicaircrafts. • Human circulatory system i.e the flow of blood in veins and the pumping action of heart.

  20. Ideal Fluid: A fluid is said to be ideal if it is assumed to be both incompressibleand inviscid (non- viscous). Ideal fluid has no surface tension and viscosity is zero and no frictional forces are set up even during the fluidmotion. Ideal Fluids are imaginary and do not exist in nature .

  21. Real Fluid: Practical Fluid have surface tension, viscosity and compressibility. Whenever motion takes place, the tangential or shear forces always come into play due to viscosity and some frictional work isdone.

  22. Density() Density is the mass of the fluid per unit volume =m/v Units :Kg/m3

  23. SpecificGravity(s): The specific gravity is the ratio of the density or specific weight of the fluid to the density or specific weight of water,at a temperature of4oC For Gases the standard fluid is taken either air at 00 C or Hydrogen at thesame temperature.

  24. It is dimensionlessquantity. A Statement that the specific gravity of mercury is 13.6 implies that its weight (or mass) in 13.6 times that of the same volume of water. In simple words, mercury is 13.6 times heavier thanwater.

  25. Specific Volume: Represents the volume per unit mass offluid. Specific Volume is the inverse of the mass density. v=V/m or v=1/ The concept of specific volume is foundto be more useful in the study of flow of compressiblefluidsi.e gases.

  26. Viscosity: It is the property of the fluid by virue of which it offers resistance to shear or angular deformation. Mollases,tar, glycerine are highly viscous fluids. Water,air,petrol have very small viscosity and are called thinfluids.

  27. Newton’s Law ofViscosity = (du/dy) Where, du/dy =velocitygradient =coefficientof viscosity, absolute viscosity or dynamicviscosity.

  28. Following Observations can be made from Newton’s viscosity Equation: • Max. shear stress occur when velocity gradient is largest and shear stress disappears where velocity gradient iszero. • Velocity Gradient becomes small with distance from the boundary.Consequently the max value of shear stress occurs at the boundary and it decreases from the boundary.

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