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Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES

Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES. C. U. T. R. U. T. R. S. E. STRUCTURE IS WHAT WE CONSTRUCT. Nature of Structure. a building is a balancing act. resistance of structure vs forces of nature. human space does not exist until enclosed by structure. 2/27. Nature of Structure.

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Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES

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  1. Design Studies 1A STRUCTURES

  2. C U T R U T R S E STRUCTURE IS WHAT WECONSTRUCT Nature of Structure • a building is a balancing act resistance of structure vs forces of nature • human space does not exist until enclosed by structure 2/27

  3. Nature of Structure • structure functions as a whole • designed in response to anticipated loads • relatively fragile wrt unanticipated loads 3/27

  4. the function of structure is to resist all the forces acting (on the building) and to transfer them to supports (the ground) Function of Structure 4/27

  5. Considerations 3 main considerations • stability - equilibrium building must not move - up, sideways or overturn all forces and moments must balance • strength building must not break / collapse • stiffness - functionality building must continue to serve its purpose must not deform too much 5/27

  6. Need to Consider concerned with • behaviour of physical objects subjected to forces • space and dimensionality • material behaviour 6/27

  7. Need to Consider (Cont.) • must resist loads due to gravity, wind, vibrations, impact and earthquakes • major portion of structure for emergency - safety factors • behaviour of materials - deformation under stress - may deteriorate 7/27

  8. What is the problem ??? Design of Structure • maximum efficiency ? • interesting / innovative forms ? 8/27

  9. no right answer Designing Structures little skill required to design building which will stand up larger the enclosed space - more need for structural efficiency 9/27

  10. Hanging Office Building Westcoast Transmission Company Tower, Vancouver Rhone & Iredale Bogue Babicki Inversion Shaping Structures: Statics, W. Zalewski and E. Allen (1998) 11/25 10/27

  11. Hong Kong Bank Building Hong Kong (1986) Foster and Partners Ove Arup and Partners Shaping Structures: Statics, W. Zalewski and E. Allen (1998) 12/25 11/27

  12. Model of a Roof Structure Jjrn Utzon Shaping Structures: Statics, W. Zalewski and E. Allen (1998) 13/25 12/27

  13. Parabolic Cable Structure Federal Reserve Bank, Minneapolis Gunnar Birkerts & Associates Skilling, Helle, Christiansen, Robertson Shaping Structures: Statics, W. Zalewski and E. Allen (1998) 14/25 13/27

  14. Multipanel Trusses Sainsbury Centre Norwich, England Foster & Partners Anthony Hunt Associates Warren Trusses Centre Georges Pompidou Paris Piano & Rogers Ove Arup & Partners Shaping Structures: Statics, W. Zalewski and E. Allen (1998) 14/27 15/25

  15. 3-Hinged Truss Arches Waterloo Terminal for Chunnel Trains Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners Anthony Hunt Associates Shaping Structures: Statics, W. Zalewski and E. Allen (1998) 15/27 16/25

  16. Hanging Roof Ingalls Hockey Rink Yale University Eero Saarinen Severud-Elstad-Krueger Shaping Structures: Statics, W. Zalewski and E. Allen (1998) 16/27 17/25

  17. Tent Structure Pier 6 Concert Pavilion Baltimore, 1992 FTL Buro Happold & M. G. McLaren 17/27

  18. Lovett Vacation House Crane Island, Washington, 1972 Wendell Lovett Robert Albrecht 18/27 19/25

  19. Seidler House Killara, 1966-7 H. Seidler Large R.C. cantilevers 19/27 20/25

  20. Harry Seidler High Court of Australia Canberra, 1972 40m P.C. beams expressing changing stress patterns NSW Government Stores Alexandria, 1964-8 Tetrahedron Space Frame Miller, Milstone & Ferris Exhibition Pavilion Hyde Park, 1970-1 Steel Hyperboloid Structure 20/27 21/25

  21. Passenger Terminal Idlewild Airport, NY Eero Saarinen Buro Happold & M. G. McLaren Los Manantiales Restaurant Xochimilco, Mexico, 1958 J. A. Ordonez Felix Candela 22/25 21/27

  22. Project for an Office Tower 1956/57 I. M. Pei & Ass. Roberts & Schaefer Co. 22/27 23/25

  23. Stadium Australia Homebush, Sydney, 1999 Bligh Lobb Sports Architects Sinclair Knight Merz (SKM) Modus Consulting Engineers 23/27 24/25

  24. http://www.arch.usyd.edu.au/kcdc/caut 24/27 25/25

  25. What do we Want to Know? • what is structure - what does structure do? encloses space • what are we trying to do? prevent failure - equilibrium, strength, functionality 25/27

  26. What do we Want to Know? • what causes failure? • loads - moments • insufficient support • inadequate arrangement • inadequate strength - size, material • inadequate stiffness 26/27

  27. What do we Want to Know? • what must the structure do? • resist loads / moments • transfer loads / moments to supports / ground • resist deformation • what are elements of structure? • supports • structure itself • beams, columns, trusses, slabs, shells, ... 27/27

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