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Urinary Elimination

Structures and Functions of the Urinary Tract. StructuresKidneysUretersBladderUrethraFunctionsUrine formationUrine excretion. Characteristics of Normal Urine. Volume: 1200- 1500 ml per day.Color: straw.Odor: faint aromatic. Clarity: clear not cloudy. Sterility: sterile, no microorganisms. Blood: not present. Glucose: not present..

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Urinary Elimination

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    1. Urinary Elimination

    2. Structures and Functions of the Urinary Tract Structures Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra Functions Urine formation Urine excretion

    3. Characteristics of Normal Urine Volume: 1200- 1500 ml per day. Color: straw. Odor: faint aromatic. Clarity: clear not cloudy. Sterility: sterile, no microorganisms. Blood: not present. Glucose: not present.

    4. Factors Affecting Urinary Elimination Fluid intake or loss Nutrition Body position Psychological factors Obstruction of urine flow Urinary tract infections Hypotension Neurologic injury Decreased muscle tone Pregnancy, surgery, and/or medications Urinary diversions

    5. Manifestations of Altered Urinary Function Dysuria: voiding that either painful or difficult. Polyuria: production of abnormally large amount of urine by kidneys. Oliguria: low urine output, usually less than 500 ml a day, or 30 ml an hour. Anuria: lack of urine production, with no effective urine production.

    6. Manifestations of Altered Urinary Function Nocturia: is voiding two or more times at night. Nocturnal enuresis: involuntary passing of urine during sleep. Hematuria: blood with urine. Urgency: is the feeling that the person must void.

    7. Manifestations of Altered Urinary Function Urinary Retention: when the emptying of the bladder is impaired, urine accumulates and the bladder becomes overdistended. Urinary Incontinence: is involuntary urination.

    8. Assessment Subjective Data Normal Pattern Identification Risk Identification Dysfunction Identification Objective Data Assessment of Urine Intake and Output Physical Examination Inspection Percussion Palpation

    9. Diagnostic Tests and Procedures Collection of Urine Specimens Urine Tests Blood Tests X-ray Examination Cystoscopy

    10. Nursing Interventions for Health Promotion Client Teaching Promoting Water Intake Preventing Urinary Tract Infections Promoting Optimum Muscle Tone Measures to Promote Voiding

    11. Nursing Interventions for Altered Function Bladder Training Habit Training Prevent infection External Catheters (condoms) Urinary Catheterization (folly’s catheter)

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