System Requirements Review AAE 451

1. System Requirements ReviewAAE 451 Andrew Mizener Diane Barney Jon Coughlin Jared Scheid Mark Glover Michael Coffey Donald Barrett Eric Smith Kevin Lincoln

2. Outline • Mission Statement • Market and Customers • Market Size • Customer Needs • Customer Benefits • Competitors • Concept of Operations • Representative City Pairs • Capacity • Design and Economic Missions • System Design Requirements • QFD • Benchmarks • Initial Sizing / Technical Specifications

3. Mission Statement To design a profitable, supersonic aircraft capable of Trans-Pacific travel to meet the needs of airlines and their passengers around the world.

4. The World in 2020 • Profitable operations of our aircraft depend on: • The repeal of FAR supersonic flight regulations over land • At the minimum, supersonic corridors created over areas of low population density • Sonic boom overpressure of .3 lb/ft2 or less • Success of Supersonic Business Jets (SSBJ’s) over the next 10 years • Projected growth in passenger volume: • Overall: 4.2% per year • Asia/Pacific: 6.3% per year • China: 9.1% per year • ACI Global Traffic Forecast Report 2008-2027

5. Customer Needs Passengers: High Speed Travel Mach 1.6 - 2.0 Significantly decrease flight time Comfortable 40 Passenger Capacity Single Class First or Business Class Airlines: All above, and additionally: Trans-Pacific range Works at existing airports Obeys all noise and emissions regulations “Capstone” Marketing

6. Customer Benefits • Passengers • Speed results in lower trip time • Seating gives more luxurious ride than coach class • Airlines • Faster aircraft could lead to more flights per day • Trans-Pacific range gives the opportunity for more travel routes • Aircraft could be used as a selling tool in marketing

7. Market Size • Appeal to the wealthier market • Those who currently pay first class fares • 2% of passengers pay first class fare • Based on Bureau of Transportation Statistics DB1B Database for Domestic US flights in 2007 • Additional 1% for novelty and convenience • Net: 3% of the US Domestic Market • Similar numbers assumed for international routes

8. Projected Sales • Expect to sell 120 Aircraft • Projecting market growth to 2020 • Based on Key City Pairs • Long enough to provide time savings • Travelled enough to provide market foothold • Hard numbers from routes with at least one leg in the US • Include an additional 50% for strictly international routes (particularly in Asia and the Middle East)

9. Competition • Three Main Competitors • Supersonic Business Jets (SSBJs) • SAI, Aerion, Tupolev, Dassault • Subsonic Airliners • Boeing, Airbus • Supersonic Airliners Next Generation Supersonic Transport Concept Boeing 787 Dreamliner SAI Quiet Supersonic Transport Concept

10. SSBJs • 2020 sees widespread usage of SSBJs for small volume, high dollar transport • Benefits • This usage proves the viability of economic operations above Mach 1.5 • Provides initial capabilities for production of aircraft • Structural materials • Engine choices • Costs • Provides service for high value potential customers

11. Subsonic Airliners • Cost will remain the largest factor in customer choice • Legacy aircraft will continue to provide cheapest service • Most routes do not require supersonic capability • Short routes result in less time saved • Limited supersonic corridors • Most airlines will not upgrade to supersonic initially • Large initial investment • Limited market • The introduction of faster travel on a large scale will serve to drive down ticket prices on existing airframes

12. Supersonic Airliners • Within 2 years of GoldJet reaching operation, direct competition will arrive • Many existing concepts waiting for funding • Japan’s Next Generation Supersonic Transport • Mach 2+ • 300 Passengers at business class prices • Small scale testing in 2005 • France’s Avion de Transport Supersonique Futur • Mach 2+ • Development stalled in early 2000’s due to lack of funding • Russia’s Tu-244 • Mach 2+ • Planned to carry 311 passengers

13. Supersonic Airliners • Funding would increase radically as GoldJet and SSBJs achieve economic success • Injection of large scale funds would allow competitors to spool up research to finish projects quickly • To combat this competition, GoldJet will come to market quickly with an efficient product

14. Capacity • 40 Passengers • Bubble point for # planes sold • Increases passenger comfort • Easier to fill small flights • 3 Crew • Pilot, Copilot • One Flight attendant • FAR 125.269: One Flight Attendant, 50 pax or fewer

15. Trans-Pacific City Pairs * Threshold Mission ** Design Mission

16. Trans-Atlantic City Pairs

17. Domestic City Pairs

18. Europe/Asia City Pairs

19. Design Mission • Los Angeles – Shanghai • Range: 5,650 nautical miles

20. Design Mission

21. Economic Mission • New York (JFK) – Los Angeles (LAX) • 2,151 nautical miles • Highly Travelled Route • Currently approx. 3,637,000 pax/year • Projected to 5,719,000 pax/year by 2020 • Large Market • Two largest population centers in USA • Large economic and social centers • Need for Speed Direct (Great Circle) Route

22. Economic Mission Requires assumption of a minimum of “Supersonic Corridors” Long enough to provide a significant time savings Standard flight: 5 hours, 15 minutes Supersonic flight: Approx. 3 hours Includes detour to follow supersonic corridor Possible corridor would add only 400 miles Supersonic Corridor Route

23. House of Quality

24. House of Quality Customer Wants Profitable Operations Low Trip Time Long Range Marketable Functions at Current Airports Many Trips per Day Passengers Comfortable Quiet Low Emissions Affordable Purchase Cost Easy to Maintain Easy to Manufacture Easy to Fly Can Carry Cargo • Means for Realization • Acquisition Cost • TO Field Length • Landing Field Length • Number of Passengers • Wingspan • Cruise Efficiency • Quiet • Cruise Speed • Block Time • Turnaround Time • Cabin Volume per Passenger • Operating Cost • Boom Overpressure • Stall Speed • Downtime • Minimum Ticket Price • Meets FARs • Second Segment Climb Gradient

25. House of Quality

26. Benchmarking

27. Initial Sizing Used a least squares fit of historical aircraft to estimate initial gross weight and empty weight.

28. Empty Weight Model • Estimated the empty weight fraction as a function of Gross Weight, Aspect Ratio, Thrust to Weight, Wing Loading, and Max Mach Number • We/W0=bW0c1ARc2(T/W0)c3(W0/S)c4Mmaxc5 • b=1.0784 • c1= - 0.0903 • c2= - 0.0838 • c3= 0.4895 • c4= 0.2357 • c5= - 0.3553 • Technology Factor of 0.95 for composites

29. Initial Sizing Results • Design Variables • Mission Range: 5650 nmi • Wing Loading: 100 lbf/ft2 • Aspect Ratio: 5 • Thrust to Weight: 0.4 • Maximum Mach Number: 2 • Cruise Mach Number: 1.8 • Number of Passengers: 40 • Number of Flight Crew: 3 • Resulting Weights • W0 = 361,100 lbs • We = 150,500 lbs • Wf = 201,300 lbs

30. Summary • Market and Customers • Market Size: 120 Aircraft • Customer Needs and Benefits • High Speed, Long Range, Comfortable Travel • Competitors • SSBJs, Subsonic Airliners, Supersonic Airliners • Concept of Operations • 40 Passengers, 3 Crew • Design Mission: LAX – Shanghai • Economic Mission: JFK – LAX • Initial Sizing / Technical Specifications • Mach 1.6 – 2.0 • Range: 5,650 nmi • W0 = 361,100 lbs

31. Next Steps • Refined Sizing • Cabin Layout • Aerodynamic Analysis • Airfoil and Planform • Supersonic Properties • CAD Modeling • Engines • Sizing • Choice

32. Questions?