Transformations in Middle Eastern Governments Post-Independence Movements

1. Middle Eastern Independence Movements What types of governments form in Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia?

2. Kemal turns Turkey into a republic (1923) & begins industrialization Turkey • After WW I, Greece (backed by Britain) tries to conquer Turkey • Mustafa Kemal defeats the Greek invaders – becomes President of Turkey 2. Sets up western legal system - no Islamic Law (secular society) 3. Grants women the right to vote/hold office • Turkish people give Kemal the nickname “Ataturk” – father of the Turks

3. Iran • This action causes a nationalist revolution in Persia (1925) • A Persian army officer named Reza Pahlavi overthrows the Shah • Shah (King) of Persia allows Britain to gain more influence • Modernizes the country, uses western-style law, expands women’s rights 2. Names himself the Shah and turns Persia into a totalitarian government 3. Changes the name of Persia to Iran

4. Saudi Arabia • Abd al-Aziz Saud begins campaign to unite all of Arabia • Succeeds and names himself King of Arabia (1926) • Keeps Islamic law instead of western law • Limits industrialization, no women’s rights, no democracy • Changes name to Saudi Arabia (to reflect his family name) Discovery of Oil in the Middle East $ $ $ • British & American companies discover oil all throughout the Middle East (2/3 of world’s oil) • Because of huge profits, US & Britain want more influence in the region

5. Warm-up 27-4 Mustafa Kemal Greeks western Islamic Law Fill in the blanks with appropriate vocabulary After the __________try to invade Turkey, _____________ became the new leader. He set up a _______style government and legal system. Kemal also eliminated ___________ from national law making Turkey a _______ society. In Persia, _______________ overthrows the weak _____ who was being influenced by ________. He westernizes Persia in many ways except for the ___________. Instead he becomes the new Shah. In Saudi Arabia, ________________ attempts to unite all of the Arabian kingdoms into one country. He succeeds and names himself king. Saud keeps Islamic law and does little _______________and promotes little rights for ___________. Shah – Islamic law – western – Britain – Abd al-Aziz Saud – women - government – industrialization – Greeks – Secular – Reza Pahlavi- Mustafa Kemal secular Shah Reza Pahlavi Britain government Abd al-Aziz Saud industrialization women