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BELL-RINGER

BELL-RINGER. Put the following in order from what you think is smallest to largest. MONOMER, molecule. ATOM. CELL. ORGANELLE. TISSUE. POLYMER, molecule. ORGAN. Bio- molecules. Two or more atoms bonded together. Life.

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BELL-RINGER

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  1. BELL-RINGER Put the following in order from what you think is smallest to largest. MONOMER, molecule ATOM CELL ORGANELLE TISSUE POLYMER, molecule ORGAN

  2. Bio- molecules Two or more atoms bonded together Life • Bio-molecules are large molecules that make up living things. Proteins Carbohydrates (sugars) Nucleic Acids Lipids (fats)

  3. Bio-molecule: Carbohydrates 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163 • Acarbohydrateis a bio-molecule with a ratio of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom for every carbon atom. The sub-unit (building blocks) of carbohydrates are single sugars, called monosaccharides.

  4. Bio-molecule: Carbohydrates • Carbs range from small sugar molecules to long starch molecules we consume in pasta and potatoes. They are a key source of energy found in most foods — especially fruits, vegetables, and grains

  5. GLUCOSE Glucose is the simple sugar that plants make during photosynthesis. Plants use glucose: As an energy reserve until they need it To grow taller and bigger To create products such as plant hormone. Animals use glucose: As an energy reserve until we need it For energy It is known as our “blood sugar”

  6. glucose glucose glucose glucose cellulose glucose glucose glucose glucose Carbohydrates Polysaccharide: many sugar units Examples: starch (bread, potatoes) glycogen (beef muscle) cellulose (lettuce, corn) chitin (insect exoskeleton)

  7. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163 Bio-molecule: Proteins • A protein is a large, complex polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.

  8. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163 Bio-molecule: Proteins • The basic sub-unit (building blocks) of proteins are calledamino acids. • There are about 20 common amino acids that can make literally thousands of different kinds of proteins.

  9. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163 Bio-molecule: Proteins There are tens of thousands of different kinds of proteins, but they are classified into five groups: • STRUCTURAL • STORAGE • TRANSPORT • DEFENSIVE • ENZYMES

  10. Bio-molecule: Proteins 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163 • Enzymes are proteins found in living things that put things together for your body OR break them apart for your body. • They speed the reactions in digestion of food. (In other words, helps out with our metabolism)

  11. Salivary Amylase is an example of an enzyme found in your saliva that helps break down carbohydrates.

  12. Section 3 Check Question 1 A __________ is a biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with a 1:2:1 ratio of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon. A. carbohydrate C. protein B. lipid D. fatty acid

  13. Section 3 Check Answer: The answer is A. Lipids are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen, and proteins contain nitrogen in addition to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

  14. Question 2 Section 3 Check In which type of bio-molecule can give you energy, but also contains nitrogen? A. carbohydrate C. protein B. lipid D. fatty acid

  15. Section 3 Check Question 3 Describe an enzyme and its function.

  16. Section 3 Check Answer: An enzyme is a protein that enables other molecules to undergo chemical changes to form new products. Enzymes increase the speed of reactions that would otherwise proceed too slowly. Substrate Active site

  17. Bio-molecule: Lipids 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163 • Lipidsare large biomolecules that are insoluble (cannot dissolve) in water. • (Examples: fats, oils, waxes, steroids) • They are diverse in structure and function, but all are insoluble.

  18. Bio-molecule: Lipids • Lipids are insoluble because part of these molecule’s structure is Hydrophobic OR repels water molecules.

  19. Fats are lipids that store energy. Some lipids make up the membrane that wraps around our cells.

  20. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163 Sub-units Fatty acid chains Fats and oilsare made of fatty acids chains linked to a molecule of glycerol.

  21. Bio-molecule: Lipids • A fatty acid is a long chain of carbon and hydrogen. • Glycerol is an alcohol molecule. Types of fatty acid chains: •Saturated Fatty Acids (Animal Fat, Lard, Solid at Room Temp) No double bonds- Bad Fat •Unsaturated Fatty Acid (Fish, Plants, Liquid at Room Temp) Double bonds- Good Fat Mono-unsaturated Poly-unsaturated

  22. Bio-molecule: Lipids • Steroids are structured in rings- but still a part of the lipid family • Examples: Cholesterol, Estrogen, and Testosterone.

  23. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163 Bio-molecule: Nucleic Acids • A nucleicacid is a complex biomolecule that stores cellular information in the form of a code. (They provide directions for building proteins)

  24. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163 Bio-molecule: Nucleic Acids There are two main types of nucleic acids: •DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) Master code of an organism’s information •RNA (ribonucleic acid) Helps make proteins by making copies of the DNA code.

  25. Bio-molecule: Nucleic Acids • Nucleic acids are large molecules made of smaller subunits called nucleotides.

  26. Bio-molecule: Nucleic Acids Interestingly, some nucleotides can perform important actions as individual molecules. The most common is ATP. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is the primary energy provider of all cellular actions. Energy is stored in the bonds between the phosphates.

  27. What isatp? Adenosine Triphosphate ATP is the high-energy molecule that stores the energy we need to do just about everything we do.

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