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DNA in Victim Identification

Learn why DNA can be used to identify victims, including the use of reference DNA and DNA from personal items or family members. Explore the applications of recombinant DNA technology in various industries.

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DNA in Victim Identification

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  1. DNA used in victim identification Victims of disasters can be identified by their fingerprints, dental information or birthmarks.

  2. DNA used in victim identification These methods may not work when the remains are incomplete. 

  3. DNA used in victim identification Identification may be done by matching the DNA. reference DNA DNA of the remains

  4. DNA used in victim identification Identification may be done by matching the DNA. reference DNA DNA of the remains

  5. DNA used in victim identification from personal items reference DNA from family members

  6. 1 Why can DNA be used in identifying a person

  7. 2 Why can DNA be obtained from personal items

  8. 3 Why can DNA samples from family members serve as reference in victim identification

  9. Think about… 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 29.2 DNA fingerprinting 29.3 Human Genome Project Recall ‘Think about…’ Summary concept map

  10. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology Applied genetics is about how the knowledge of genetics can be used for the good of society.

  11. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology advances in biotechnology (生物工程) recombinant DNA technology (重組DNA 技術) What is it?

  12. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology • techniques that a fragment of DNA from a donor cell or organism is isolated and inserted into the DNA of another cell or organism

  13. Domestication of plants and animals throughout human civilization

  14. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology • can modify the characteristics of an organism more quickly and precisely • allows transfer of new characteristics to organisms of different species

  15. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology recombinant DNA technology (重組DNA 技術) genetic engineering (遺傳工程)

  16. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology genetic engineering (遺傳工程) • changing of the genetic make-up of an organism by direct manipulation of genes or DNA

  17. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology How does recombinant DNA technology work? There are three steps.

  18. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology Obtain DNA fragments containing the gene of interest donor cell DNA containing gene of interest gene of interest

  19. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology Cut DNA fragments and plasmids with a specific enzyme bacterium • a small ring of extrachromosomal DNA in bacteria • used as a vector (載體) plasmid (質粒)

  20. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology Cut DNA fragments and plasmids with a specific enzyme enzymes gene of interest plasmid (質粒)

  21. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology Join the gene of interest and plasmid together using an enzyme gene of interest plasmid (質粒)

  22. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology Animation Join the gene of interest and plasmid together using an enzyme recombinant DNA (重組DNA) / recombinant plasmid (重組質粒)

  23. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology Join the gene of interest and plasmid together using an enzyme introduce it into a host cell (宿主細胞) for replication and expression

  24. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 4 Select the organisms that have acquired the gene of interest Antibiotic resistance tests: The bacteria in the culture on the left are susceptible to the antibiotics contained in the white paper discs. The bacteria in the culture on the right are resistant to most of the antibiotics

  25. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology What are the applications of recombinant DNA technology? Genetically modified organism (GMO) (基因改造生物) • an organism whose genetic make-up has been changed in a way that does not occur naturally by mating

  26. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology What are the applications of recombinant DNA technology? Genetically modified food (GM food) (基因改造食物) • food made from GMOs or their components

  27. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 1 Medicine • to produce pharmaceutical products insulin production site GM bacteria recombinant human insulin

  28. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 1 Medicine • gene therapy (基因治療) vectors with a normal gene cell with a defective gene

  29. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 2 Agriculture and food production • to improve productivity and quality of farm animals and crops non-GM salmon GM salmon that grow faster

  30. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 2 Agriculture and food production • to improve productivity and quality of farm animals and crops GM soybean plants resistant to herbicides

  31. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 2 Agriculture and food production • to improve productivity and quality of farm animals and crops GM tomatoes that have longer shelf life

  32. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 2 Agriculture and food production • to improve productivity and quality of farm animals and crops GM rice that has more vitamin

  33. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 3 Chemical industries • to produce GM microorganisms that can produce the following more efficiently: enzymes amino acids polysaccharides

  34. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 4 Environmental protection • to produce GM bacteria that can break down oil spills more efficiently

  35. 29.1 Recombinant DNA technology 5 Ore mining • to produce GM bacteria that can extract metals more efficiently from ores • Eg.bacteria catalyse the breakdown of the mineral pyrite (FeS2) by oxidising the sulfur and metal (in this case ferrous iron, (Fe2+) using oxygen. • This yields solubleproducts that can be further purified and refined to yield the desired metal.

  36. 29.2 DNA fingerprinting • techniques involved in the use of DNA analyses to identify individuals How do scientists produce DNA fingerprints?

  37. 29.2 DNA fingerprinting Extract DNA DNA cells in blood

  38. 29.2 DNA fingerprinting Obtain DNA fragments containing the highly variable regions size varies among individuals

  39. 29.2 DNA fingerprinting Separate DNA fragments according to their size gel electrophoresis (凝膠電泳)

  40. 29.2 DNA fingerprinting Produce DNA fingerprints DNA bands • pattern is unique to each individual (except identical twins)

  41. 29.2 DNA fingerprinting Gel electrophoresis • uses an electric field to drive DNA fragments to the positive terminal negatively charged!

  42. 29.2 DNA fingerprinting Gel electrophoresis • molecular space in the gel allows shorter DNA fragments to move faster than the longer ones

  43. 29.2 DNA fingerprinting Gel electrophoresis • molecular space in the gel allows shorter DNA fragments to move faster than the longer ones

  44. 29.2 DNA fingerprinting Gel electrophoresis • molecular space in the gel allows shorter DNA fragments to move faster than the longer ones shorter fragments longer fragments

  45. 29.2 DNA fingerprinting Gel electrophoresis • DNA fragments separated into bands according to their size shorter fragments longer fragments

  46. 29.2 DNA fingerprinting Gel electrophoresis • staining is required before the DNA bands can been seen fluorescent under UV light

  47. 29.2 DNA fingerprinting Applications of DNA fingerprinting 1 Forensic science (法證科學) • to provide evidence to the court

  48. 29.2 DNA fingerprinting Applications of DNA fingerprinting 2 Victim identification • to identify victims in disasters

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