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AGE OF EXPLORATION

AGE OF EXPLORATION. What is it we’ve been covering for about a month now??. L.T. : I can describe European motivation for exploring overseas.

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AGE OF EXPLORATION

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  1. AGE OF EXPLORATION What is it we’ve been covering for about a month now??

  2. L.T. : I can describe European motivation for exploring overseas. • The Age of Exploration refers to that time from the 1400s-1600s when many explorers took great risks to sail the seas and explore unknown lands. What things would have motivated them to do this? Try to list 3-5 ideas.

  3. BELLWORK QUIZ • In a well-composed paragraph, explain the reasons for the Age of Exploration, using the 3 G’s in your answer.

  4. The Age of Exploration A new age of European exploration, discovery, expansion, and settlement began in the 1400s. What was going on at that time?? • Renaissance • Population Increase • Centralization of Power (State-building) • New technology (navigation, printing press)

  5. The 3 G’s • GOD • Desire to spread Christianity to the “uncivilized.” • GOLD • Find gold, spices, and other riches. • GLORY • To become famous; associated with Renaissance spirit of curiosity

  6. The Search for Spices • First explorers – looking for a new trade route to Asia. • Land – too long and too dangerous • Arabs and Italians were the middlemen between Europe and East Asia. • Merchants wanted to bypass them and find a direct route. • How?

  7. Spices • Extremely valuable • Were used to preserve and flavor food, in medicine, and in perfume. • Where? Moluccas – island chain in present-day Indonesia. “Spice Islands” • How? New technology and improved knowledge (prior to 1400s, ships could not sail against wind) • Caravel, astrolabe, magnetic compass, better maps, better knowledge of wind patterns.

  8. Portugal • Portugal led the way in the Age of Exploration. • Location – already traded along coast of Africa • Traded gold, ivory, slaves • Prince Henry – founded a school for navigators in 1419. • Bartolomeu Dias – 1488 – first person to round the southern tip of Africa – Cape of Good Hope • Vasco da Gama – 1498 – first person to reach India by this route

  9. Spain • Portugal’s success in Asia made other countries jealous, especially Spain. • Christopher Columbus • Rejected by Portugal, sponsored by Ferdinand and Isabella • His idea: sail west across the Atlantic to reach Asia • Thought it would only take a few weeks • Underestimated the circumference of the Earth • Didn’t know the Americas existed • Left Spain in August 1492; reached land on Oct 12.

  10. Columbus • Believed he had reached the East Indies. • “Indians” • Was really in the Bahamas. • Made 3 return visits; claimed land for Spain; exploitation of natives; empire building • Why America? AmerigoVespucci (Italian explorer’s journal used to publish a map of the new continents) • Columbus died in 1506, still believing he had reached Asia. • Line of Demarcation/Treaty of Tordesillas

  11. Line of Demarcation/Treaty of Tordesillas • The pope divided the non-European world into 2 zones: • SPAIN—trading and exploration rights west of the line • PORTUGAL—rights east of the line • Geography still imprecise. • But other nations convinced they needed to build their own empires quickly.

  12. Magellan • Was Portuguese but sailed for Spain • Left Spain on Sept 20, 1519 • 5 ships; 277 men • 1 ship was lost along the coast of S America • Strait of Magellan – Pacific Ocean (peaceful) • Continued on: 4 months • Ate rats, maggots, and sawdust to survive • Scurvy was common (rotted gums, gangrene) • 3 ships made it to the Philippines. • 3 G’s accomplished.

  13. Magellan • Spread Christianity to natives after performing a faith healing on the king’s brother • Set up trade with the king • Trade route west to Asia • Magellan was killed in battle here. • Only 1 ship (Victoria) makes it back to Spain in 1522 with 18 men. • 1st to circumnavigate the globe!

  14. The Spanish Conquest • Conquistadors • (1) Cortés=Aztecs • Emperor Moctezuma thought he might be an Aztec god-king; convinced to sign over land and treasure; a brutal struggle, emperor dies • Tenochtitlán=Mexico City

  15. (2) Pizarro: Peru’s Incan empire • Ruler Atahualpa refuses to convert, killed, Incas decimated by disease

  16. Encomienda System • Land/tribute demanded from Native Americans by the Spanish (mining, farming, ranching) • More laborers needed=importing Africans

  17. Spanish Colonial Culture • A blending of Native American, European and African cultures • Pyramid of social classes: • TOP: Peninsulares (born in Spain) • MIDDLE: Creoles (American born descendants of Spanish settlers) • BOTTOM: • Mestizos (Native American and European descent) • Mulattoes: (African and European descent)

  18. Learning Target: I can analyze the effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade • The Triangular Trade • The Middle Passage • --readings/discussion

  19. Modern Day Slavery • Read article

  20. Learning Target: I can explain the effects of the Columbian Exchange • Crash Course: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQPA5oNpfM4 • 4 categories: • Disease • Animals • Plants • People

  21. Do the 5 W’s and H of the Columbian Exchange

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