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CPTED - Lighting

CPTED - Lighting. Part of the FIRST line of defense. Presented by Sgt. Steve Garst, L.C.C. Certified Crime Prevention Specialist Community Services Division Little Elm Police Department, Texas. Lighting. Proper lighting serves as one of the most effective perimeter barriers available.

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CPTED - Lighting

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  1. CPTED - Lighting Part of the FIRST line of defense Presented by Sgt. Steve Garst, L.C.C. Certified Crime Prevention Specialist Community Services Division Little Elm Police Department, Texas

  2. Lighting Proper lighting serves as one of the most effective perimeter barriers available Provides both a physical and psychological deterrence Partially restores some of the deterrence provided by daylight Very efficient deterrent MUST… Be functioning properly Protect fixtures, switches, fuse boxes Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  3. Not just More Light More Appropriate Light Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  4. Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  5. Lighting Terms Watt: Term used to measure the amount of electrical energy Term used to express the output of a light source. (Lighting efficiency is measured by lumens of wattage) Lumen: Footcandle: Unit of illumination defined as one square foot surface area in which one lumen of light is uniformly distributed Kilowatt: 1000 watts Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  6. Lighting Trivia – cont. Starlight = .0001 footcandle Full moon = .01 footcandle Overcast day = 100 footcandle Office lighting = 100 footcandle Daylight = 1000 footcandle Direct sunlight = 10000 footcandle Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  7. Lighting Trivia – cont. Recommended level by engineers… Building entrances = 5 footcandles Parking deck = 5 footcandles Pedestrian tunnel = 5 footcandles Open parking lot = 2 footcandles Commercial sidewalk = 2 footcandles Residential sidewalk = 4 footcandles Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  8. Lighting Trivia – cont. How can I calculate how much it costs to burn a particular light? Use the following formula… 1.) Multiply watts of bulb X hours burned per day divided by 1000 = KWh used / day 2.) Multiply KWh/day X number of days = KWh / mo 3.) Multiply KWh /mo X cost / day = Cost per month to burn Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  9. Lighting Trivia – cont. Example: Assume - cost/KW hour = .30 cents per day 150 watt bulb burned 8 hours per day for 31 days 150 watts X 8 hours per day = 1200 watts / day 1200 watts / 1000 = 1.2 KWh / day 1.2 KW hours/day X 31 days = 37.20 KWh / mo. 37.20 KWh X .30 cents/day = $11.16 / month Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  10. Types of lighting Incandescent lighting Low initial cost Good color rendition Relatively short life Low lamp efficiency Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  11. Compact Fluorescent Bulb vs. Incandescent Bulb Movie $ 9.90 cost per bulb $ 1.60 cost per bulb Lumens: 1,800 Lumens: 2,100 Est. life – 8,000 hours Est. life – 750 hours 8,000 / 750 = 10.66 incandescent bulbs (11) X $1.60 each = $17.60 for the equivalent number of bulbs over useful life Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  12. Types of lighting – cont. Fluorescent Good color rendition High lamp efficiency Long life Temperature sensitive Cannot project light over great distances Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  13. High Intensity Discharge (HID) Bulb Three types of gases Mercury Vapor Metal Halide High Pressure Sodium All have up to 10 minute warm-up time, to establish the electric arc Not suitable for use with motion detectors Best suited for applications that stay on long periods of time

  14. Types of lighting – cont. Mercury Vapor Emit purplish or green-white color More efficient than incandescent Long life Good lumen characteristics Good color rendition Good lumen efficiency Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  15. Mercury Vapor Light Oldest of the HID lights Slight blue or green tint Longer life-time (16,000 – 24,000 hours) than metal halide lamps Common for use around homes Less intrusive than other HID lights

  16. Types of lighting – cont. Metal Halide Appearance similar to mercury vapor lights Much higher lumen efficiency Excellent color rendition Shorter life than mercury vapor (6,000 hrs compared to 24,000 plus) Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  17. Metal Halide Light Bright, white light Best color rendition of all high-intensity light types Shorter lifetimes relative to mercury vapor and high pressure sodium Excellent for gymnasiums, sports arenas, car lots and other outdoor areas

  18. Types of lighting – cont. High-Pressure Sodium Vapor Golden-white to light pink color High lumen efficiency Relatively good color rendition Relatively long life (24,000 hrs.) Light output good over bulb life (90%) Excellent exterior lighting Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  19. High Pressure Sodium Bulb Most common type of outdoor lighting Good color rendition, but reds may appear brown 16,000 – 24,000 hours Lower cost ($20.00 per bulb) compared to metal halide ($28.00) Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  20. HID Ballasts and Mega Flood Light Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  21. High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lighting Comparison Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  22. Reasons to buy HID Lower lifetime cost Fewer lamp replacements Energy conservation Reduced circuit load and wire gauge requirements Reasons NOT to buy HID 5 – 10 minute start-up Require time to re-start in power failure May be overly bright Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  23. Types of lighting – cont. Low-Pressure Sodium Vapor Relatively long life Poor color rendition – yellow cast Maintain lumen efficiency over bulb life (95%) Require warm-up time to light Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  24. Low Pressure Sodium Bulb Most energy efficient Poor color rendition – YELLOW color 12,000 – 18,000 hours 10 minute warm-up time Can’t use with motion detection sensors Most useful for highway, tunnel, underpass lighting Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  25. Lighting Controls 1.) On-off switch • Most common • Requires human intervention 2.) Timer • Generally better than on-off switch • Power failure / time change adversely affects 3.) Photo-electric cell • Generally most dependable • Accurate Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  26. Motion Sensors 360 º Ceiling Mount Wall Mount Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  27. Motion Sensors Commonly called P.I.R.’s – Passive Infrared

  28. Motion Sensors Typical motion sensor combination Not a light – a motion detection buzzer Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  29. Motion and Optical Sensors Photoelectric (light) Cell Post mounted Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  30. Street and Walkway Lighting

  31. Lighting Positioning 1.) Wall / roof mounted 2.) Pole mounted 3.) Ground mounted • Never recommended for security lighting • Easily defeated • Casts shadows on building Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  32. Wall Pack Lights Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  33. Street Lights Cobra Head Shoebox Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  34. Street Lights Induction Area Lighting Cone Reflector Double Head Shoebox Floodlight

  35. Accent Lighting Not to be mistaken for security lighting

  36. Security vs. Accent Lighting Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  37. Path and Step Lighting Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  38. Path and Step Lighting Bollards Floodlights Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  39. Path and Step Lighting Up/Down Can Cylinder Ball Jar Fixture Dawn/Dusk Entry Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  40. Typical Light Mounting Chart

  41. Everlast Induction Fixture Same applications as other HID fixtures Lower lifetime cost 100,000 hours 9,625 lumens at 100 watts Electrodeless Fluorescent Fixture, not HID

  42. Motion Detector Bulb 20 Watt bulb = 75 watt incandescent Cost - $ 24.95 Detects up to 25 feet Instant ON Delay OFF – 10 sec. to 5 minutes

  43. Lighting Recommendations Be specific on type of lighting recommended Best to have a minimum / maximum recommendation Minimum can be done right now and usually less costly Maximum usually takes longer and/or more costly Sometimes more light is not the answer. May just need to adjust or re-direct what’s there Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

  44. ANY QUESTIONS Sgt. Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept. Sgt. Steve Garst, L.C.C. – Certified Crime Prevention Specialist Little Elm Police Department

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