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Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers

Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers. 1. What is weather?. the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place - controlled by Earth’s motions & energy from the sun. 2. What is climate?. the given weather conditions of an area over many years avg. rainfall avg. temp avg. humidity

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Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers

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  1. Chapter 17 Study Guide Answers

  2. 1. What is weather? the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place - controlled by Earth’s motions & energy from the sun

  3. 2. What is climate? the given weather conditions of an area over many years avg. rainfall avg. temp avg. humidity avg. wind direction avg. air pressure etc…

  4. 3. What is the current composition of our atmosphere? Give gases & % • Current composition of atmosphere: • 78% Nitrogen • 21% Oxygen • 0.93% Argon (inert gas) • 0.039% Carbon Dioxide • Also present in atmosphere = water vapor, dust, ozone, and pollution

  5. OZONE 4. O3 5. Found in the stratosphere- between 10-50 km from surface, it increases the temperature 6. Blocks harmful Ultraviolet (UV) rays

  6. 7. 4 layers of atmosphere • Troposphere = temperature decreases as you increase altitude - Extends from surface to ~12 km - All weather occurs here • Stratosphere = slight increase in temperature - Extends from 12km to ~50 km - Contains the Ozone Layer (absorbs UV to increase temperature) • Mesosphere = temperatures decrease with altitude - No definite upper limit - Temperatures near -90ºC • Thermosphere = temperatures increase due to absorption of high energy solar radiation - No definite upper limit

  7. 8. What layer does weather occur? Troposphere- all weather phenomena

  8. 9. How much of the sun’s energy is reflected back into space? ~30% is reflected back into space

  9. 10. What is reflection? When light bounces off an object

  10. 11. What is scattering? When weak light rays travel in different directions

  11. 12. What is conduction? Conduction = transfer of heat through direct contact of molecules heat flows from the hotter object into the colder object

  12. 13. What is convection? Convection = transfer of heat by mass movement or circulation within a substance heat from below (ground) conducts heat near the base of the atmosphere, the air

  13. 14. What is radiation? Radiation = heat is radiated (travels by waves) from the sun and hits the atmosphere some radiated energy is absorbed and some is reflected (bounced) back into space: ~30% is reflected back into space ~50% is absorbed by land & sea ~20% is absorbed by clouds & atmosphere

  14. 15. Greenhouse effect..why is it good? • Earth’s atmosphere naturally absorbs heat from the sun because of water vapor & carbon dioxide • atmosphere traps heat near the Earth’s surface • Without this natural greenhouse effect, Earth’s temperature would be much colder (uninhabitable for humans)

  15. 16. Global warming…why is it bad? Global warming is an increase in temp. of Earth’s atmosphere that may be caused by human activity Affects overall climate and animal habitats

  16. 17. 5 factors that influence temp. on Earth Latitude Heating of land & water Altitude Geographic position Cloud cover

  17. 18. How does latitude affect Earth’s temp? Latitude (distance from the equator) • Differences in amount of solar radiation received • Variations in the angle of sun’s rays • Length of daylight

  18. 19. Why do land & water have diff temps? Land heats more rapidly and to higher temperatures than water - Land also cools more rapidly and to lower temperatures than water - Cities near water have a smaller daily temperature change compared to cities more inland

  19. 20. What happens to temp. as you increase altitude The higher the altitude, the colder the temperatures

  20. 21. When does summer solstice occur? On June 21 or 22

  21. 21. When does winter solstice occur? On December 21 or 22

  22. 23. When does spring equinox occur? March 21 or 22

  23. 24. When does autumnal equinox occur? September 22 or 23

  24. 25. What is the tilt of Earth’s axis 23.5º

  25. 26. What causes seasons? The tilt of the Earth’s axis

  26. 27. What are isotherms? Line on a map connecting points of equal temperature

  27. 28. What is albedo? Albedo- the fraction of total radiation that is reflected by any surface

  28. 29. Clouds and keeping Earth cool & warm.. Day- clouds reduce radiation and keep it cooler. No clouds means it’s warmer. Night- it’s the opposite; clouds act like a blanket & keep it warm. A clear night means it’s cooler

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