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Evolution of Music Libraries: From Sacred Space to Modern Spaces

Discover the history and evolution of music libraries, from early religious institutions to diversified modern forms in academia, corporations, and government. Learn about funding sources, special collections, cataloging standards, and digital resources in music libraries.

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Evolution of Music Libraries: From Sacred Space to Modern Spaces

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  1. Composition of Music Libraries Neil Millican, Alexis Recchia, Jane Rucker, CJ Pipins and Ella Peterson

  2. In The Beginning… Due to the non-secular nature of most early musical composition, collections of music were primarily held within religious institutions such as monasteries or cathedrals. However, in post-Renaissance Europe, these collections began to be expanded within centralized library systems. Now, music libraries exist in a myriad of different forms: as stand-alone collections, attached to institutions of higher learning, affiliated with government, corporate, and performing art organizations.

  3. Types of Music Libraries • Academic (often research-based; Music Department of a university or college) • Conservatories (in support of schools of music) • Corporate (often music publishers, managing licensed materials) • Public (music collections within public collections [i.e. NY Public Library]) • Government (i.e. Library of Congress) • Independent (Professional associations for composers and performing artists; opera houses, symphonies; specific collections utilized for film and broadcasting) For example… NPR!http://www.ibiblio.org/slanews/nln/nln07/nln294.pdf

  4. Forms of Funding • Government • Private Donation • Corporate Donation • University Funds • Endowments • Grants

  5. Special Collectionswithin Music Libraries • Performance • Production • Rare • Digital

  6. Music Library Collections • Music Scores (M’s) • Collected Works • Complete Works of Composers • Folios and Miniature Scores

  7. Music Literature and Audio Collections • Music Literature (ML’s) • Music Theory (MT’s) • Periodicals (Opera News, Diapason) • Sound Recordings • SLP’s Vinyl Records • CD’s • Performance Records of Faculty, Associated Artists, Student Recitals • Video • Reel to Reel

  8. Music Library Reference Section • Music Encyclopedias • Music Bibliographies • Foreign Language Dictionaries • Reference for singers (Diction in French, Russian, Italian, German) • Collected lyrics in translation of Foreign Composers • Musical America (Guide to Orchestras, Opera Houses, Ballet, Symphonies, Teachers and Agents)

  9. Special Collections and Archives • Sheet Music Collections • Private Collections of Performers (Casals, Christina Caroll Collection of Opera Scores) • Original Manuscripts of Musical Works

  10. Music Cataloging • Differs according to type of music library • Standard: AARC2, MARC • MLA currently lobbying for a more appropriate set of standards for music cataloging

  11. How to Catalog? • For music books, AACR2 and LC standards are followed. • For music recording, AACR2 is followed, with some modification to title, author, date. LC classification. • For scores, AACR2 is the general guide. However, most of the information that is necessary to create a distinctive record is put into a field that does not fit. LC classification.

  12. Online Catalogs Public, partial catalog: The British Library: http://www.bl.uk/collections/music/musiccatalogues.html Public Library, full catalog: New York Public Library: http://www.nypl.org/research/lpa/lpa.html Academic Library, multiple catalogs: Harvard University: - Oasis:http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/advancedsearch?_collection=oasis - Hollis:http://hollis.harvard.edu Academic Library, full catalog: Yale University: http://www.library.yale.edu/musiclib/muslib.htm Conservatory, full catalog: New England Conservatory: http://www.newenglandconservatory.edu/libraries/index.html

  13. Music Cataloging and Digital Collections Los Angeles Public Library: Music and Movie catalog is a gateway to digital ‘loans’—loaned digital material is good for 21 days Harvard Digital Score Collection:http://hcl.harvard.edu/libraries/loebmusic/collections/digital.html New York Public Library Digital Collection:http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgdivisionbrowseresult.cfm?trg=1&div_id=pm Specific example: http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchdetail.cfm?trg=1&strucID=1094995&imageID=1604279&parent_id=1073295&word=&snum=&s=&notword=&d=&c=&f=&sScope=&sLevel=&sLabel=&total=3&num=0&imgs=12&pNum=&pos=3#

  14. Public Services • Reference Desk • Access Services • Disability Services • Computing • Interlibrary Loan

  15. Reference Desk • Staffed by music librarian who typically has an undergraduate degree in music, in addition to their MLS. • Responds to queries and assists in discovery of resources face-to-face and virtually. • Performs user instruction and prepares guides.

  16. Access Services • Provides circulation functions. • Communicates with patrons about overdue materials, recalls, and holds. • Billing and collecting fees. • Provides stack maintenance. • Reserves study rooms. • Communicates with security officials.

  17. Disability Services • Provides access to machines which help the disabled (blind, deaf, etc.). • Includes hearing aids, print enlargers and special assistive devices. • Helps obtain Braille resources and readers. Interlibrary Loan • Arranges for patrons to receive materials not owned by the library.

  18. Computing/Audiovisual Services • May be managed by IT or access services. • Maintains computers—call maintenance when necessary, clean, load paper. • Computers often have additional headphone sockets and special software for producing music and multimedia projects. • “Listening Center” may include DVD player, TV, stereos, record and/or tape players.

  19. Structure • Administration • Reference • Circulation • Technical Services

  20. Qualifications • MLS • The more music background, the better. • A background in humanities can be very useful, as well.

  21. MuseumMuseum of Performance and Design- http://www.sfpalm.org/ • AcademicListen online: UCLA- http://www2.library.ucla.edu/libraries/music/index.cfm • PublicNew York Public Library http://www.nypl.org/research/lpa/mus/mus.html • OnlineNaxos Music Library http://www.naxosmusiclibrary.com/home.asp

  22. Outreach • Service to the public. • New York Public Library: http://www.nypl.org/research/calendar/prog/lpa/plistlpa2.cfm http://www.nypl.org/research/calendar/prog/lpa/video.cfm • Chicago Public Library: http://www.chipublib.org/events/details/id/8988/

  23. Future Trends • New technology (i.e. electronic music stands, score-editing programs) • Continued and expanded digitization • Globalization of collections

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