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Bell Ringer

Bell Ringer. How would you stand up for something you believe in? Would you perform peaceful protest? Would you write letters? Would you resort to violence if necessary? Etc..Explain. The Peak and End of a Movement. Segregation Forever!. AL governor=pro segregation

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Bell Ringer

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  1. Bell Ringer How would you stand up for something you believe in? Would you perform peaceful protest? Would you write letters? Would you resort to violence if necessary? Etc..Explain.

  2. The Peak and End of a Movement

  3. Segregation Forever! AL governor=pro segregation Blocked 2 African American students from enrolling at the Univ. Alabama JFK uses this to announce his civil rights bill

  4. “One hundred years of delay have passed since President Lincoln freed the slaves, yet their heirs, their grandsons, are not fully free…And this nation for all its hoped and all its boasts, will not be fully free until all its citizens are free…Now the time has come for this nation to fulfill its promise.”

  5. Another Form of Protest JFK has an uphill battle to pass the civil rights bill MLK wants to help JFK get the bill passed Organizes the March on Washington August 28, 1963 200,000+ of all races

  6. I Have A Dream

  7. Filibuster in Congress Filibuster: when senators take turns speaking about a bill Purpose: to delay the vote Created doubt amongst black community

  8. LBJ to the Rescue Unlike JFK, LBJ knew how Congress worked February 1964-Civil Rights Act passed the House of Reps June 1964-Civil Rights Bill passed the Senate

  9. Civil Rights Act of 1964 Gave federal gov’t broad power to prevent racial discrimination Segregation=illegal in public areas Equal access to restaurants, parks, libraries, and theaters Attorney general was given power to bring lawsuits Required private employers to end segregation in the workplace Created Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

  10. Demanding the Ballot • Voting still had obstacles • Voting campaign was centered in Selma, AL • Majority of Selma’s population was black • Only made up 3% of voters

  11. Bloody Sunday • March 7, 1965 • MLK organizes a “march for freedom” • From Selma to Montgomery • 500 marchers • Attacked by 200 state troopers • Beaten in full view of TV cameras • 70 hospitalized

  12. Voting Rights Act of 1965 Passed by Congress on August 4, 1965 Sent federal examiners to register voters Suspended literacy tests 250,000 new voters by the end of the year

  13. Problems in the Cities

  14. Cities by the Numbers • 70% of African Americans lived in large cities • 50% lived in poverty • Made only half as much as whites • 15% held professional, managerial, or clerical jobs • 44% of whites held those same jobs • Most worked blue collar jobs, if they were lucky • Unemployment rate= twice as high as whites

  15. Watts Riots Los Angeles Response to police brutality 6 days 12,000 National Guard 1,500 law officers Burning and looting $45 million in damages 34 deaths 900 injuries

  16. 12th Street Riot Detroit, MI Police raid unlicensed bar and arrest 81 blacks Crowd outside starts riot National Guard and Army are sent in 43 deaths 1,189 injuries $250 million in damages 7,200 arrests

  17. The Chicago Movement MLK moves into slums in Chicago Leads march through Marquette Park Met with angry white mob Mayor orders CPD to protect marchers Meets with MLK and they make a plan to clean up/fix up the slums Great in theory, very little changes in practice

  18. Black Power

  19. Failure of Nonviolence Showcased by Chicago Movement MLK loses support Call for all-black states and armed self-defense Didn’t want help of white sympathizers

  20. Meaning of Black Power • Physical self-defense and violence are acceptable to defend one’s freedom • African Americans should control the social, political, and economic direction of their struggle • Pride in African American cultural group • Racial distinctiveness • Afro hairstyle

  21. Malcolm X • Symbol of black power movement • 6 years in prison • Transformed him • Joined the Nation of Islam/Black Muslims

  22. Assassination of Malcolm X Discouraged by scandal of Black Muslims Traveled to Mecca and saw people of all colors worship together Convinced an integrated society was possible Criticized Nation of Islam Shot and killed by 3 Nation of Islam members

  23. The Black Panthers Saw themselves as heirs of Malcolm X Called for blacks to arms themselves and confront white society Force whites to give them equal rights

  24. April 3, 1968 “I’ve been on the mountaintop…I’ve looked over and I’ve seen the Promised Land. I may not get there with you, but I want you to know tonight that we as a people will get to the Promised Land.”

  25. Death of a Leader • MLK was planning a march and camp out to Washington to get the gov’t to support a bill to end poverty in America • All races • Shot and killed on his balcony • Civil Rights Act of 1968 • Fair housing provision outlawing discrimination in housing sales and rentals

  26. End of An Era Civil Rights Movement continued but it lacked unity and vision without MLK It significantly improved the lives of African Americans Still a long way to go

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