The Byzantine Empire: The New Rome

1. The Byzantine Empire: The New Rome World History A Seminar #4 • Warm Up: Define the following words – • Rule of law • autocrat

2. Definitions • Rule of law • Government by law. The rule of law implies that government authority may only be exercised in accordance with written laws, which were adopted through an established procedure. • Autocrat • Ruler who has complete authority

3. The Division of the Roman Empire In 284 AD Diocletian became Roman emperor. He decided that the huge Roman empire could only be ruled effectively by splitting it into two parts.

4. Constantine In 330 Diocletian’s successor, Constantine, rebuilt the old Greek port of Byzantium, at the entrance to the Black Sea. He renamed it Constantinople and made the city the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.

5. Constantinople From World History: Connections to Today Prentice Hall, 2003

6. Constantinople What makes this location such a great spot to built a capital??

7. The Fall of the Western Roman Empire By 395 AD, the Roman Empire was formally divided into two empires: East and West. With the invasion of Germanic forces from the north, the Western Roman Empire was conquered and further divided. This left the eastern part of the Roman empire to carry on the Greco-Roman tradition.

8. The Byzantine Empire Under Justinian This map depicts the Empire at the death of Justinian I, who had reigned from 527 to 565 as sole Emperor, sometimes in concert, and sometimes in conflict, with his powerful wife Theodora.

9. Byzantine Empire At first, this Empire controlled only a small area around the eastern Mediterranean, but during the reign of Justinian (527-565), it started to recover much of the territory of the old Roman empire.

10. Justinian and Theodora Autocrat – ruler who has complete authority • Justinian ruled as an autocrat with the help of Theodora. Created a huge Christian empire • Empire reached its greatest size

11. Justinian and Theodora • Empire reached its greatest size • Built Hagia Sophia • The H.S. – The “most splendid church in the Christian world”

12. Justinian and Theodora • Empire reached its greatest size • Built Hagia Sophia • Rebuilt the Hippodrome • Held 60,000 People • Free Games – Similar to Colloseum • 532 – Nika Rebellion

13. Justinian and Theodora • Justinian ruled as an autocrat with the help of Theodora. Created a huge Christian empire • Empire reached its greatest size • Built Hagia Sophia • Built Hippodrome • Created Justinian’s Code – which organized all the laws of ancient Rome.

14. Justinian’s Code of Laws • Laws were fairer to women. They could own property and raise their own children after their husbands died. • Children allowed to choose their own marriage partners. • Slavery was legal and slaves must obey their masters. • Punishments were detailed and fit the crime • His work inspired the modern concept and, indeed, the very spelling of "justice".

15. The End of the Byzantine Empire Around 540 – A plague hit Constantinople 542 – 10,000 people were dying each day 565 – Justinian Dies The illness broke out over and over again until 700 Constantinople faced many attacks from day one

16. How did they survive all this time?? Diplomacy Bribes Political marriages Military Strength 7th Century – Emperor Heraclius divided empire into military districts

17. The End of the Byzantine Empire • The Byzantine empire drew to a close in 1453 when forces from the Ottoman Empire (Turks) surrounded and conquered Constantinople. • The ancient Christian city was renamed Istanbul and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

18. Division with Church • When the Roman Empire split into E and W the Christian Church began developing different ideas in both areas • WHY??

19. The Great Schism*** 1054 - The Christian Church split into two distinct Churches

20. Why did they spilt? Excommunications –declaring someone to be an outcast from the Church Icon worship Power of the Pope

21. West – Roman Catholic Church East – Eastern Orthodox Chruch Bishops are equal Emperor claims authority over the patriarch (leading bishop in East) and other bishops of the empire Priests may marry Divorce is permitted • Pope has authority over all other Bishops • Pope claims authority over all kings and emperors • Priests may not marry • Divorce is not permitted