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A Pressure Swing Adsorption Nitrogen Generator uses a Carbon sieve to adsorb the oxygen and then bypass the nitrogen into tanks where it is further purified and sent to a buffer tank for usage. Before understanding the working of PSA and how it is different from a Membrane-based nitrogen generator it is essential to keep some components in mind which are involved in this conversion process of air to nitrogen.
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A Pressure Swing Adsorption Nitrogen Generator uses a Carbon sieve to adsorb the oxygen and then bypass the nitrogen into tanks where it is further purified and sent to a buffer tank for usage. Before understanding the working of PSA and how it is different from a Membrane-based nitrogen generator it is essential to keep some components in mind which are involved in this conversion process of air to nitrogen. Carbon Tower: It intakes air at a pressure of less than 10 bar. Carbon Dust filter: For removing impurities from the inlet air. CMS Dust filter: This filter adsorbs the oxygenmolecules CMS tanks: They hold the nitrogen and some amount of oxygen for pressure swing. Regeneration Pipe: This pipe maintains pressure between the two tanks. Buffer Tank: This stores the nitrogen for its final usage.
The process starts when air is taken in via the carbon Tower and then sent into the Carbon Dust Filter for removing any foreign particles. It is then fed into the Carbon Molecular Sieve (CMS) Dust Filter for absorption of oxygen molecules. As their size is larger, nitrogen molecules pass through the carbon sieve and are then passed through silencers into the CMS tank. Let us name these tanks 1 and 2. Nitrogen initially collects in tank 2 while a small amount of it is sent into CMS tank 1 via the regeneration pipe. The tank-2 depressurizes to pull out the oxygen molecules from the carbon sieve into the atmosphere. This process continues till pressure in both the tanks becomes equal. Now, this pure nitrogen in tank 1 is stored in the buffer tank. Now tank 1 depressurizes and nitrogen from the tank-2 is stored in the buffer tank. The regeneration pipe again maintains the equilibrium and the process keeps on repeating.
A membrane nitrogen generator working principle is rather simple and it functions when air is passed through a layer of polymer filters. These filters pass each component at different speeds water being the heaviest is reduced first while argon is last to leave, only nitrogen permeates through each of the layers which are then stored for further usage. These gases collect on the outside of the fiber membrane and clog it after some time. To release them a small vent is made to escape these gases and water. Since a PSA generator has higher efficiency than a Nitrogen membrane generator it is preferred. However, there are several other factors where the membrane nitrogen generator can be considered. The operating and maintenance cost of a membrane nitrogen generator is low because of simple components and machinery. The noise level of PSA is very high and hence is more suitable for open areas. Further, the membrane nitrogen generators start up faster than PSA which takes minutes or hours to start. The several components of the PSA nitrogen generator make it bulky and difficult to relocate.
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