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Two Network Types Defined by DISTANCE

This guide explores the fundamental types of networks defined by distance—Local Area Networks (LAN) and Wide Area Networks (WAN). It delves into LAN components, including Ethernet, various media types (twisted pair, coaxial, fiber optic), and the physical topologies such as bus, star, and ring. The document also explains network protocols, like CSMA/CD and token ring, which govern communication rules. With insights into network software operations and the essential hardware like network interface cards (NICs), this resource serves as a concise overview for anyone looking to grasp networking fundamentals.

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Two Network Types Defined by DISTANCE

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  1. Two Network Types Defined by DISTANCE LAN WAN

  2. NETWORKS LAN LOCAL AREA NETWORK

  3. LAN Ethernet A particular type of LAN

  4. Workstations microcomputers minicomputers workstations mainframes terminals supercomputers Servers (optional) Media Interfaces circuit boards network adapter NIC – network interface card Gateways connect dissimilar parts of a network Bridges connect similar parts of a network Network Components (LAN)

  5. Media - cables • Twisted pair • inexpensive • least reliable • easiest to install • what is used in telephone lines • slow

  6. Media - cables • Coaxial • more reliable • what is used in cable TV • harder to install • faster

  7. Media - cables • Fiber optic • works with light waves (lasers) • most reliable • most expensive • fastest • most difficult to work with • becoming the media of choice

  8. TOPOLOGIES Physical design of a network

  9. Three LAN topologies: • BUS • STAR • RING

  10. Bus Single cable Easy to install No server

  11. Ring Single connected cable Break does not destroy all the connections Usually does not have a server

  12. Star Individual cables Easiest to trouble shoot Has a server

  13. Network Protocols rules for communicating Specifies - type of topology handshake synchronous/asynchronous transmission how data will be packaged

  14. 3 Protocol Classifications • Polling • CSMA/CD • Token ring

  15. Polling • Goes to each workstation in turn • Assures that all work stations will access • Problem if there are many workstations

  16. CSMA/CD • Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection • Workstations try to seize the network when they want to access • Problem if two workstations want to access at the same time

  17. Token Ring • Token - electronic device • Token circulates around network • Token is either free or has a message • If it has a message, goes to the receiver and back to sender before continuing

  18. Network Software Operating system of the network

  19. Resides on server • Controls file transfers • Controls hardware sharing • Controls uploading/downloading of files • May include: • electronic mail • performance analyzation software • security software • diagnostic routines

  20. LAN Ethernet Most widely used type of LAN

  21. Characteristics • Coax cable • High volume of transmission for short distances

  22. Characteristics • Special hardware • Transceiver – connects nodes to network • Interface – performs data conversions from a byte to a series of bits • Repeater – strengthens and retimes the signals

  23. Characteristics • Uses CSMA/CD • Controller – determines when to activate communications between nodes

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