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DNA to Protein

DNA to Protein. are you writing down the title?. Integrated Science 2 Redwood High School Home of the GIANTS. GO SCIENCE. UNTIL IT HURTS. I. What is DNA?. A. Overview 1. all biomolecules are groups of atoms bonded together, and are in one of 4 classes

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DNA to Protein

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  1. DNA to Protein are you writing down the title? Integrated Science 2 Redwood High School Home of the GIANTS

  2. GO SCIENCE UNTIL IT HURTS

  3. I. What is DNA? A. Overview 1. all biomolecules are groups of atoms bonded together, and are in one of 4 classes 2. one of the classes, nucleic acids has two examples: a. DNA and RNA b. DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotes and free-floating in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes c. DNA and RNA are polymers (many-monomers) The monomers are small molecules called nucleotides and are linked together like the links of a chain d. Cells use certain sequences of DNA nucleotides as a template for making (synthesizing) RNA

  4. B. Structure of DNA 1. there are 4 nucleotides a. adenine (A) b. thymine (T) c. guanine (G) d. cytosine (C) 2. there are two sides of the DNA molecule a. each side is a chain of the 4 nucleotides b. the two strands are connected “like a zipper” connects two sides of a coat 3. each species has a unique sequence of nucleotides that makes up their DNA a. certain genetic variations exist between individuals of the same species

  5. II. DNA’s Relationship to Protein A. Protein Overview 1. one of the 4 classes of biomolecules 2. like DNA - Proteins are also a polymer a. the monomers in a protein molecule are small molecules called amino acids b. there are 20 different amino acids (for all living things) 3. different proteins do different things for a cell a. cellular structure 1. examples: the cytoskeleton and muscle cells b. cellular function 1. enzymes are proteins that speed up reactions ex: like building up and breaking down otherbiomolecules 2. regulate bodily functions like brain, muscle, and breathing functions

  6. B. Building a Protein 1. DNA has only one job: to code for the construction of proteins 2. genes are the individual code/instructions for building specific proteins 3. initially the sequence of nucleotides in a given gene are used by the cell to build a unique RNA molecule (the DNA code is “transferred” to a RNA molecule) 4. in the cytoplasm, the sequence of RNA nucleotides determine what type of protein the cell will make (many different molecules do this work) 5. all living organism (and viruses) use the same universal code to convert DNA code into the sequence of amino acids for proteins

  7. III. DNA to Protein Flow Chart Sequence of nucleotides in DNA (a gene) triggered by a hormone performed by an enzyme using free-floating RNA nucleotides Sequence of nucleotides in RNA performed by other RNA molecules and proteins using free-floating amino acid molecules occurs spontaneously Sequence of amino acids in a Protein

  8. The End

  9. Cytoskeleton

  10. back to outline Contraction Proteins In A Muscle Cell

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