Sickle Cell Disease

1. Sickle Cell Disease Blaze Mowatt SBI 3U

2. http://www.unm.edu/~mpachman/Blood/sicle.htm Definition • Disorder of the red blood cells that carry oxygen to body tissue • Normal red blood cells are round and soft • Sickled red blood cells are hard, sticky and crescent shaped, and stick together in the blood stream • This causes clogging of blood vessels which limits oxygen to the different parts of the body

3. http://blog.lib.umn.edu/trite001/studyinghumananatomyandphysiology/2008/02/http://blog.lib.umn.edu/trite001/studyinghumananatomyandphysiology/2008/02/ http://www.utdallas.edu/news/2008/10/14-003.php http://www2.med.umich.edu/prmc/media/newsroom/details.cfm?ID=656 http://www.umm.edu/imagepages/1212.htm

4. Where and How Many? • Sickle cell disease can affect anyone • Common in certain regions around the world • This is because the disease is passed on through inheritance • Affects 70000 people in the United States and millions others around the world

5. https://sharepoint.cisat.jmu.edu/isat/klevicca/Web/Sickle_Cell/web%20sickle/history.htmlhttps://sharepoint.cisat.jmu.edu/isat/klevicca/Web/Sickle_Cell/web%20sickle/history.html

6. History http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/projects/cases/sickle_cell1.html

7. Causes • Caused by a genetic mistake which causes hemoglobin to be made abnormal • Hemoglobin allows red blood cells to take oxygen from lungs to other cells and carbon dioxide back to the lungs • Passed on through parents only, through a pair of genes that are recessive

8. http://www.umm.edu/imagepages/19510.htm http://www.bio.davidson.edu/Courses/Molbio/MolStudents/spring2005/Heiner/hemoglobin.html http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/whataregd/sicklecell/

9. • Gene is recessive • If both parents have trait, there is a 25% chance to get sickle cell disease, a 25% not to have the trait or disease and a 50% chance to have just the trait. http://www.dukehealth.org/HealthLibrary/AdviceFromDoctors/YourChildsHealth/sicklecelldisease/chart

10. Effects and Symptoms • Due to the lack of the oxygen, sickle cell disease causes weakness, fatigue, dizziness and breathlessness • Organs have chance of becoming permanently damaged or just failing altogether • Infected experience crisises which are occurrences of extreme pain due to lack of oxygen reaching different parts of the body due to sickled cells

11. Diagnosis • In last 30 years, overall awareness for sickle cell disease has increased • Through blood tests, can be diagnosed as to whether you have the disease, trait or nothing • Very important that babies/children be diagnosed early to avoid the effects of the disease

12. Treatment • Only cure for sickle cell disease is a bone marrow transplant which is very risky • Many ways to ease and reduce pain that is caused from crises such as changing the way of living • The drug hydruxorea is an effective method of reducing the sickling of the blood

13. VIDEO: http://video.about.com/rarediseases/Sickle-Cell-Disease.htm

14. Future Outlook and Research • The future hope for sickle cell disease is gene therapy • Researchers attempting to cure disease by fixing defective gene and inserting into bone marrow of patient https://my.mcg.edu/portal/page/portal/News/archive/2005/Stroke%20risk%20returns%20when%20children%20with%20sickle%20cell%20disease%20s http://www.emory.edu/EMORY_MAGAZINE/2008/winter/sickle.html