EXECUTIVE BRANCH

1. EXECUTIVE BRANCH “Enforce the Laws” Chapter 13 – The Presidency [Sections 1-3] Chapter 14 – The Presidency in Action Chapter 15 – Government at Work

2. What makes a President Great?Pick one and explain why he was a great president.

3. Students can…….detail specifics that explain what makes a president great. …list the formal/informal qualifications, information regarding presidential terms and give examples of presidents fulfilling their eight specific roles of their high office.

4. President Executive Office of the President (EOP) Vice President 15 Cabinet Departments Independent Agencies Government Corporations Independent Regulatory Commissions Structure of the Executive Branch Know this structure….. Over 3 Million Employees

5. Formal Qualifications • Natural Born Citizen • At Least 14 Years a Resident of the US • At Least 35 Years Old

6. Term Four year term - Some want one ten-year term, others want one six-year term 22nd Amendment set maximum at ten years

7. Pay • $400,000 per year plus $50,000 in expenses is fixed by Congress • Fringe benefits-Mansion, Airplanes, cars, yacht, vacation home, etc.

8. Succession: 25th Amendment • If a President dies, resigns, or is removed from office, the Vice President succeeds to the office. Majority Approval of Cabinet. • After the Vice President the order of succession is Speaker of the House, President Pro Tem of the Senate, Secretary of State, and 15 other cabinet posts.

9. The Vice President Joseph Biden Speaker of the House Paul Ryan President pro tempore of the Senate Orrin Hatch Secretary of State John Kerry Secretary of the Treasury Jack Lew Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter Attorney General Loretta Lynch Secretary of the Interior Sally Jewell Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack Secretary of Commerce Penny Pritzker Secretary of Labor Tom Perez Secretary of Health and Human Services Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Secretary of Transportation Secretary of Energy Secretary of Education Secretary of Veterans Affairs Secretary of Homeland Security

10. Disability • VP may temporarily assume the duties of the office • President may resume duties by informing Congress that no inability exists • Cabinet and the VP may challenge the President’s resumption of power

11. Informal Qualifications

12. Exceptions No Political Party Catholic Bachelor Criminal Record? Not Elected 31 Days 69-77 Four Terms 42 Years old 43 When Elected Divorced

13. The Roles of the President • Chief of State • Chief Executive • Chief Administrator • Chief Diplomat • Commander in Chief • Chief Legislator • Chief of Party • Chief Citizen

14. Chief of State Ceremonial Functions: The First Pitch

15. Chief Executive Enforce the Law

16. Chief Administrator Organize and run the Executive Branch

17. Chief Diplomat Relations with Foreign Nations

18. Commander in Chief Lead the Military

19. Chief Legislator Suggest Laws Lobby Sign – Veto State of the Union Address

20. Chief of Party Leader of His Political Party. Coattail

21. Chief Citizen the President's job is to represent the people and to work for the public interest.

22. Vice President • Preside over the Senate and help decide the question of presidential disability His attitude was summed up in a story he told about a woman with two sons, “One ran away and went to sea, the other was elected Vice President of the United States, neither one was ever heard of again”.  "My country has in its wisdom contrived for me the most insignificant office that ever the invention of man contrived or his imagination conceived." – John Adams Recently, Vice Presidents have also played a significant role in the election campaigns of the Presidential candidates with whom they run • Same qualifications as President

23. VP official role • VP must be ready to assume the presidency. • If vacated, the President must nominate a new VP. The nomination must be confirmed by a majority vote of both houses. p.s. Don’t shoot people

24. Electoral College • Winner may not win the popular vote http://www.presidentelect.org/art_evpvdisagree.html Small states are overrepresented 1. Reps plus Senators give small states a larger % than population 2. Election may be in House where voting is equal by state • Faithless electors

25. President’s Power • Executing the Law • The Ordinance Power • The Appointing Power • The Removal Power • Power to Make Treaties • Executive Agreements • Power of Recognition • Military Affairs • Legislative Role • Judicial Role

26. 1. Executing the Law • Carry out the nation’s laws • Discretion in deciding how vigorously law will be enforced

27. 2. The Ordinance Power • Bureaucracy of the executive branch is under the authority of the President • The President has the authority to issue executive orders, which have the force of law • Executive orders are necessary to the functioning of the executive branch

28. President Executive Office of the President Vice President 15 Cabinet Departments Independent Agencies Government Corporations Independent Regulatory Commissions Structure of the Executive Branch Over 3 Million Employees

29. The Executive Office of the PresidentBelow are the offices included in the Executive Office of the President. Council of Economic Advisers Council on Environmental Quality Office of Administration Office of Management and Budget Office of National Drug Control Policy Office of Science & Technology Policy President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board United States Trade Representative White House Office The White House OfficeBelow are the offices included in the White House Office. Domestic Policy Council Homeland Security Council National Economic Council Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives Office of the First Lady Office of National AIDS Policy Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board USA Freedom Corps White House Fellows Office White House Military Office

31. 3. The Appointing Power • President may appoint a handful of officials on his or her own authority • Most of the important officers appointed by the President and approved by the Senate • Over half of the officials in the federal work force are selected through civil service examinations and are not under control of the President

32. 4. The Removal Power • History and the Presidents power to remove those approved by the Senate • President’s power to remove has generally been upheld by Congress • Exceptions are federal judges and members of independent regulatory agencies

33. 5. Power to Make Treaties • Usually acting through Secretary of State • Current: “Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty” • Senate must approve treaties by 2/3 Limited Test ban Treaty

34. 6. Executive Agreements • Routine international agreements do not require Senate approval. Trade agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement, which is clearly a treaty, have not been approved by two-thirds of the Senate as required by the Treaty Clause of the Constitution. –Lou Dobbs

35. 7. Power of Recognition • Presidents have the power to acknowledge the legal existence of a country • Diplomatic recognition is a powerful weapon U.S. State Department says it does notRecognize 'a Macedonian Language' or Ethnicity Hamas's Victory: The United States Should Not Recognize or Aid a Terrorist Regime The United States does not recognize the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus”

36. 8. Military Affairs • Congress declares war • Few limits as commander in chief…WWII • Authority usually delegated to military subordinates • President may use armed forces to keep domestic peace • War Powers Resolution

38. War Powers Resolution • President must inform Congress of any commitment of American troops abroad within 48 hours • President must gain congressional approval if the commitment lasts longer than 60 days • Constitutional?

39. 9. Legislative Role • State of the Union • Suggests annual budgets • Recommends specific legislation • Power to Veto Veto Pocket Veto • May call Special Sessions of Congress • May adjourn Congress if two houses can’t decide on date

40. 10. Judicial Role • Grant Reprieves and Pardons in cases involving federal law • Commute or reduce sentences or fines • Grant amnesty or general pardon Ford Pardons Nixon

41. Executive Office of the President (EOP) Made up of several separate offices and staffed by closest advisers and assistants • White House Office (WHO) Chief of Staff, counsel to the President, the press secretary, and expert advisers • National Security Council (including overseas) • Office of Management and Budget (OMB) • Office of National Drug Control Policy • Council of Economic Advisers

42. President Executive Office of the President Vice President 15 Cabinet Departments Independent Agencies Government Corporations Independent Regulatory Commissions Structure of the Executive Branch Over 3 Million Employees

43. Cabinet • Head is known as the Secretary (except Justice Department – Attorney General) • President appoints, Senate confirms • Each heads one of the executive departments • Together serve as advisors to the President • Presidents vary in the use they make of their cabinets • Andrew Jackson (Kitchen Cabinet) • FDR (Brain Trust)