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Chapter II Management (Part One)

(103) - Praktek Bisnis . Chapter II Management (Part One). Henry A. Siregar, SE, MM, AAIK. INTRODUCTION. Karakteristik Dasar suatu Usaha/ Bisnis  dibahas di Chapter I Bagaimana Bisnis di kelola?  Bahasan Chapter II. MANAGEMENT. Resources of an organization: - Material - Financial

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Chapter II Management (Part One)

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  1. (103) - Praktek Bisnis Chapter IIManagement(Part One) Henry A. Siregar, SE, MM, AAIK

  2. INTRODUCTION Karakteristik Dasar suatu Usaha/ Bisnis  dibahas di Chapter I Bagaimana Bisnis di kelola?  Bahasan Chapter II MANAGEMENT Resources of an organization: - Material - Financial - Human Process of : Planning Organizing Leading Controlling Proses ini berlaku baik utk perusahaan besar maupun kecil!!

  3. MANAGEMENT STYLES • Banyak cara/ gaya utk menjalani proses manajemen di atas • Penggunaan resources secara efektif merupakan perhatian manajer • Perhatian terbesar •  Penggunaan & Pengawasan Human Resources secara efektif Human (Staff) Behaviour  dipengaruhi  Corporate Culture Perlu dipahami terlebih dahulu budaya perusahaan agar penggunaan SDM yang efektif dpt dicapai.

  4. CORPORATE CULTURE (BUDAYA PERUSAHAAN) • Simple Definition: • “The way we do things around here” • Termasuk di dalamnya aspek-aspek berikut: • Norma  Perilaku yg dapat diterima dlm perusahaan • Contoh: • - standar pengukuruan kinerja • - standar berpakaian • - cara penyelesaian masalah, dll • Nilai dan Keyakinan dlm perusahaan • Contoh: • - menjaga kualitas tinggi • - tidak merusak lingkungan/ mahluk hidup • - menghargai setiap masukan dari karyawan, dll • Gaya Manajemen (Management Styles)  perilaku manajer Notes: Corporate Culture & Management Styles seringkali dipengaruhi  Personal Values dari CEO, senior partners atau founders

  5. APPROPRIATE MANAGEMENT STYLES Contoh management styles dan karakteristiknya

  6. Management Style mana yang paling tepat utk digunakan? • Tergantung: • Jenis usaha/ pekerjaan • Current stage of business life (expanding, stagnating, contracting) • Contoh?

  7. Conclusions: Persepsi Masyarakat thd Perusahaan  dipengaruhi  Human (Staff) Behaviour  dipengaruhi  Corporate Culture  dipengaruhi  Management Styles

  8. MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES Management Structure? An element of the overall structure which denotes how the management exercises control of the organisation MS juga merefleksikan management styles perusahaan Vertical Management Structure • Cocok utk perusahaan berukuran besar • yg mengadopsi hierarchical mgt styles • Clear line of authority • Pekerjaan rutin sekalipun harus mendapat • persetujuan senior manager • Weakness: • Pengambilan keputusan sangat lambat

  9. Flat Management Structure • Wewenang pengambilan keputusan • didelegasikan secara merata • Proses pengambilan keputusan berjalan • dgn cepat Functional Design Structure • Terdapat spesialisasi fungsi kerja • Diadopsi pada saat persh berkembang • Cocok utk jenis perusahaan jasa atau single • product

  10. Divisional Design Structure • Biasanya digunakan diperusahaan yg me- • nawarkan beragam jenis produk/ layanan • Di dalam satu divisi terdapat seluruh aspek • pekerjaan yg terkait dgn produk divisi tsb Territorial Design Structure • work group based on territorial/ geo-area • one manager for one territorial • efektif utk persh yg konsumennya tersebar • di belahan dunia • advantage: • tailored work units according to characteristics • of the area

  11. Holding Company Structure • utk organisasi yg tumbuh dgn membeli jenis • usaha lain/ offer a wide range of products • Holding dikendalikan oleh co-ordinating group • terdiri dari CEO tiap perusahaan terkait Project Teams Structure • tepat utk unstable business environment • temporary structure specific problems/ • clients • the membership of team may vary • anggota tim sebaiknya terdiri dari expert • di bidang/ masalah yg dihadapi

  12. Matrix Design Structure • mencoba mengkombinasikan best features yg • tdpt pd struktur lain • project manager & manajer fungsional dpt • membagi keahlian mereka baik secara • vertikal maupun horizontal • secara efektif mengelola setidaknya dua • element antara lain: • - size - products • - markets - customers Flexible Firm Structure • organisasi yg dpt beradaptasi dgn mudah & cepat thd perubahan • dua fleksibilitas yg terdapat dlm struktur ini: • - functional flexibility  core staff people with multi skill • - numerical flexibility  employing part-time and contract staffe

  13. Virtual Firm Structure End of Part I • organisasi kelihatan besar namun sebenarnya tdk memiliki karyawan permanen • struktur ini berkembang krn  Techno advances, pressure to be more flexible & reducing • costs • organisasi dikendalikan oleh grup manajer yg bekerja dr rumah masing-masing • (komunikasi dgn e-mail, video conferencing, or phone) • pekerjaan lain diluar core jobs di subkontrak kepada pihak lain • pertemuan dgn klien dpt dilangsungkan disuatu tempat yg disewa oleh organisasi

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