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Revolution & Nationalism 1900-1939

Revolution & Nationalism 1900-1939. Chapter 14. Chapter 14 Section 1. Revolutions in Russia. Kak Dela?. How are you?. Czar Resist Change. Alexander III succeeded Alexander II Stopped all reforms in Russia Liked Autocracy

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Revolution & Nationalism 1900-1939

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  1. Revolution & Nationalism 1900-1939 Chapter 14

  2. Chapter 14 Section 1 Revolutions in Russia

  3. Kak Dela? How are you?

  4. Czar Resist Change • Alexander III • succeeded Alexander II • Stopped all reforms in Russia • Liked Autocracy • Anyone who questioned absolute authority, Worshiped outside Russian Orthodox, spoke different language - Labeled as dangerous

  5. Alexander III • Strict censorship (including private letters) • Teachers had to send detailed reports on all students • Political prisoners - sent to Siberia • Russian - official language ban all others • Made Jews target of persecution (pogroms)

  6. Nicholas II • Blind too the changing times • Lags in Industrialization • Worlds longest rail line - Trans-siberian railway • connected European Russia to Pacific Ocean

  7. Revolutionary Movement • Industrialization brings discontent • Bad working conditions • low wages • child labor • Karl Marx - establishes a following • Workers would overthrow Tzar • Form "Dictatorship of the proletariat"

  8. Marxists split • Mensheviks • moderates wanted broad base of popular support • Bolsheviks • radicals supported smaller number of committed • Willing to sacrifice everything for change • Leader was Vladimir Hyich Ulyanov - Lenin

  9. Crises • Russo-Japanese War • Wanted control of Korea and Manchuria • Russia broke agreements • Japan attacks Port Arther - led to revolts • Bloody Sunday • 200,000 workers march on Tzar palace • Wanted better working conditions, legislature • Tzar ordered to fire into crowd • 1,000 wounded, several hundred killed • Tzar gives into Duma - dissolved after 10 weeks

  10. WWI • Nicholas II takes Russia into WWI • Not able to handle military & economic costs • Less than 1 year 1 million Russian troops killed • Nic moves to front, leaves wife in charge • Czarina falls under influence of Rasputin • 1916 Rasputin murdered • Soldiers deserted, mutinied, ignored orders • Prices inflated

  11. Tzar • Forced to step down from rule • 3 centuries of Romanovs collapses • Provisional government ruler decides to stay in war • Costs him support • Groups begin to form Soviets • Lenin • Germans believe return will hurt Russian war effort • Arrives in Petrograd in 1917

  12. Bolshevik Revolution • Bolshevik Red Guards storms winter palace • Within days land is distributed among the peasants • Bolsheviks sign truce with German to stop fighting • Gave up large amounts of Russian land • Causes people to be upset with Bolsheviks

  13. Civil War in Russia • Bolsheviks fight Russian enemies • Opponents form White Army • Wanted Tzarist rule, socialism or democracy • Barely cooperated • 14 million Russians die in 3 years

  14. Changes • NEP • Allows peasants to sell surplus • Government controls - banks, industries etc. • Political • Saw nationalism as a threat • organized into several self governing republics • 1922 names Union of Soviet Socialist Republics • Bolsheviks rename party - Communist Party

  15. Stalin • Lenin suffers stroke in 1922 • 2 petition for leadership • Leon Trotsky & Joseph Stalin • Stalin - "Man of Steel" • 1928 Stalin had total control of Communist Party • Trotsky forces into exile in 1929

  16. Chapter 14 Section 2 Pg. 440 Totalitarianism

  17. Total Control • Totalitarianism - control over every aspect of life • Provide a sense of security and direction • Has to be able to build support

  18. Police/Indoctrination • uses terror • Police serve to enforce the central government’s policies (spying/intimidation) • Instruction in government beliefs - mold peoples minds

  19. Propaganda & censorship • Biased or incomplete information to sway people • Create enemies of the state - blame all problems on them

  20. Stalin • Great Purge • 1934 Stalin turns against communist party • 1937 Bolsheviks put on trial - executed • Responsible for 8-13 million deaths

  21. Command economy • Government makes all economic decisions • Five year plan • Set impossibly high quotas to increase outputs • Government limits production of consumer goods • Provided impressive economic results

  22. Collective farms • Combining large government owned farms • Providing food for the state • 5-10 million die because of agriculture revolution

  23. Chapter 14 Section 3 Pg. 448 Imperial China Collapses

  24. Nationalists • Nationalist party pushes for modernization • Revolutionary Alliance overthrows Qing dynasty • Sun (President of Republic of China • Nationalism - end to foreign control • People’s rights - democracy • People’s livelihood • economic security for all Chinese • Sun did not have support or military strength • Turns over presidency to General Yuan Shikai • Betrays democratic ideals • After death in 1916 civil war begins

  25. WWI • China joins allies • Hopes for a return of Chinese territories • Under Treaty of Versailles - allies give land to Japan • Sparks revolts & nationalism • China turns away from western ideals • Turns towards Lenin - Soviet Communism

  26. Communist Party • China befriends Lenin & Russia • Peasants agree with communism • Nationalists clash with communists • nationalists slaughter communists • U.S. & Britain recognize nationalist government • Russia does not • Massacre of communists erupts into civil war • While China fights Japan invades • Communists & Nationalists suspend civil war to fight Japan

  27. Chapter 14 Section 4 PAGE 453 NATIONALISM IN INDIA AND SOUTHWEST ASIA

  28. INDIAN NATIONALISM • 2 Groups form to end foreign rule • Congress Party • Muslim League • No nationalism before WWI • Over a million indians sign up for British army • Britain promises reforms • They do not reform

  29. Rowlatt Acts • When Britain does not reform causes riots • Passes Rowlatt Acts to jail protestors • To protest Rowlatt Indians go to Amritar • Britain had outlawed public meetings • Indians did not know that • Britain fires into crowd and kills 400 wounds 1,200

  30. Gandhi • Leader of Independent movement • Blended ideas from all major world religions • Britain fails to punish officers who fire into crowd • Gandhi pushes for noncooperation with Britain • Civil Disobedience • Called for boycotts • Salt March • Defy Salt Acts • Walked 240 miles to coast • Collected salt water to make own salt

  31. Self Rule • 1935 • Passes Government of India Act • local-self government & limited democratic elections

  32. Southwest Asia • Turkey becomes a republic • Ottoman Empire forced to give up all territories • Except Turkey • Turkey fights off invaders & Ottomans - Wins independence

  33. 14.3 & 14.4 vocabulary Due Wednesday Homework

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