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Bell Ringer

Bell Ringer. List 3 things you know about recent European History – 1900 to present. List two things prior to 1900 you are aware of from European history. Identify the Countries. France UK Iceland Portugal Germany Russia Sweden Norway Ukraine Switzerland Belarus Spain Romania

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Bell Ringer

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  1. Bell Ringer • List 3 things you know about recent European History – 1900 to present. • List two things prior to 1900 you are aware of from European history.

  2. Identify the Countries France UK Iceland Portugal Germany Russia Sweden Norway Ukraine Switzerland Belarus Spain Romania Greece Italy Poland Denmark Hungary Turkey Estonia

  3. Europe Does Geography Matter? Europe Egypt, Middle East, China Large quantities of rainfall Limited need for irrigation Limited need for centralization of authority Few major geographic boundaries Limited Rainfall Agriculture dependent on large public works Highly centralized authority Major geographical boundaries

  4. Does Geography Matter? In Europe river systems provide Drinking water Sanitation Sewer/trash disposal Trade opportunities Agriculture is based on rainfall Allows for urbanization Farmers Craftsmen Aristocracy Individualized Wealth Independent of State Origins of the Middle Class

  5. Eastern Europe and Russia • Large topographic and climatic diversity • Spans two continents (11 time zones)

  6. Russia Russia – Former USSR or Soviet Union – largest nation in the world. 25% of Russia is in Eastern Europe and 75% is in Asia

  7. Russia Facts • Climate – weather varies dramatically (-30 is common, even colder in Siberia) • Coal, oil, iron ore, natural gas, manganese, gold, lead, etc. Siberia is large untapped area – hard to extract because of frozen conditions • Desire for warm ports has influenced Russia’s foreign policy to control the satellite nations surrounding Russia

  8. Russian: The rise of the USSR • The Russian Revolution of 1917 ended the monarchy. • Vladimir Lenin – Leader of the Bolshevik party was heavily influenced by Karl Marx • Lenin turned Russia to a communist state (USSR) • Communism would survive in Russia until the early 1990’s

  9. Russia: The rise of the USSR Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote “The Communist Manifesto” Communism –Theory that all people should own farms and factories, share in the work equally, and receive an equal share of rewards • Huge split between rich and poor at the time • Peasants supported because land was redistributed

  10. Russian History Dictator Joseph Stalinsucceeded Lenin in 1924. He sent many to Siberian prison camps that opposed his plans. His people lived in terror as he set up the concept of collectivization, which many resisted. Million’s died of starvation.

  11. Collectivization • The practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it. • The theory and practice of the ownership of land and the means of production by the people or the state.

  12. Russian History • Cold War – Extreme tension without an actual war from 1945 to 1991. • Eastern Europe forced into communism after WWII – cut off contact with the West • Tried to expand communism beyond Eastern Europe – The United States was determined to stop this • NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created in 1949 and its members agreed to protect one another from communist attack in Europe • In response, USSR created the Warsaw Pact

  13. Break-up of the Communist Bloc Communist Bloc – Soviet Union and other communist nations of Eastern Europe Berlin Wall – Built by the East Germans in 1961, sealed off East Berlin from West Berlin November 1989 – East German leaders could no longer count on support from Soviet Union. Berlin Wall torn down and the country was reunified.

  14. Communist Bloc Many Eastern European countries broke away from Soviet control to include – Poland, East Germany, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Armenia, Latvia, and Estonia.

  15. Russian History – Times of Change Mikhail Gorbachev – The last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the last head of state of the USSR. Served from 1985-1991.

  16. Russian History • Boris Yeltsin – President after Gorbachev • Leader during transition from communist dictatorship to a democratic government and steered Russia toward a free market • Challenge - converting a command to a market economy • Industries and farms were privatized, but this created food shortages and unemployment • Without government control prices rose and crime increased. • Poor Russians resented rich. They wanted stability and a return to communism.

  17. Recent History Vladimir Putin – Former member of KGB. Praised for his economic reforms, but questioned for his human rights violations.

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