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Chapter 1 Sec. 3 Beginnings of Civilization

This chapter explores the significance of a surplus of food in the development of civilizations. It discusses the rise of river valley civilizations and their basic features, such as cities, organized governments, complex religions, job specialization, social classes, arts and architecture, public works, and writing. The spread of civilizations, interactions with nomadic tribes, and factors that bring about change are also examined.

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Chapter 1 Sec. 3 Beginnings of Civilization

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  1. Chapter 1 Sec. 3Beginnings of Civilization Mr. Marsh Columbus North High School

  2. Why was a surplus of food so important to creating a civilization? • SHORTANSWER

  3. River Valley Civilizations • Cities rose along the river valleys of the • Tigris • Euphrates • Middle East • Nile • Egypt • Indus • India • Yellow or (Huang He) • China

  4. The area of Egypt and Mesopotamia is referred to as the ________? • Fertile Moon • Fertile Crescent • Fertile Sun • Fertile Mertile [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

  5. Features of Civilizations • Eight Basic Features of a Civilization • Cities • Well-organized central governments • Complex religions • Job specialization • Social classes • Arts and architecture • Public works • writing

  6. Rise of Cities • Rise of cities were the main feature of a Civilization. • Civilization-is a complex, highly organized social order • First cities developed after farmers cultivated lands along river and produced a surplus of food.

  7. Organized Governments • Early Governments were lead by warrior kings • Rulers used heredity to ensure there families place. • Rulers claimed the were placed there by god • Early Chinese Kings took the title “Son of Heaven” • Governments became more complex with time and size

  8. Complex Religions • Most ancient People were Polytheistic • Polytheistic-believed in many gods • Monotheistic- Believe in one god • Believed that the gods controlled water, fire, sun and human activities • To ensure divine help, people built temples, and carried out sacrifices of food animals and humans.

  9. Job Specialization • As people moved into cities no longer did they build everything they needed. • People relied on each other, people developed skills • Metal working • Pottery • Weaver • Wood Worker • Etc…

  10. What did we notice about the quality of craftsman's work in a civilization? And why? • SHORTANSWER

  11. Social Classes • The Development of societies brought along the development of social classes

  12. Why do we use a pyramid to show social classes? • SHORTANSWER

  13. Arts and Architecture

  14. Public Works • Irrigation Systems • Roads • Bridges • Walls • Etc…

  15. Pictograms are a type of writing? • True • False

  16. Writing • A new skill found in civilizations • Theory is it began in temples in order to record amounts of grain collected • Earliest forms of writing were Pictograms • Pictograms- simple drawings that looked like the object they represented

  17. Spread of Civilizations • As cities grew they brought civilization to new areas. • City-States: a political unit which includes a city and the surrounding farm lands, etc… • First Empires grew from competition and war • Wars between city states developed the first empires • Nomadic Interaction • The first cities were spread all over and needed to work with nomadic tribes for trading. • Nomadic tribes are only considered non-civilized because of the lack of the eight basic features

  18. Civilizations and Change • Many things can cause civilizations to change • Environmental Changes • Floods • Droughts • Volcanoes • Over us of natural resources • Interaction Among People • Cultural Diffusion • Warfare

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