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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Violation of norms. Judge dresses down man over T-shirt.

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 Violation of norms

  2. Judge dresses down man over T-shirt • A young man showed up for a court hearing wearing a obscene T-shirt. “It was inappropriate, to say the least,” according to the judge. The man tried to make a joke out of it but the judge considered the shirt openly contemptuous and stated the man should have known better. “It says on the summons that proper attire is required.”

  3. Questions to answer • Why are dress norms violated? • What are some specific examples of dress norm violations? • How can dress norm violations vary?

  4. Violation of norms • Based on the assumption that a society or group agrees on some norms from which an individual’s behavior can deviate • Deviant behavior is dysfunctional • Makes social life unpredictable • Causes confusion about norms and values • Undermines trust about people’s behavior • Diverts resources to control the behavior

  5. Reasons for norm violation • Culture change • Location • Transmission • Values and motives • Physical conditions • Environmental conditions • Demands on resources • Temporal incompatibilities between statuses • Normative system itself • Internalization

  6. Culture change • Refers to modification of norms at different periods of time

  7. Culture change

  8. Location • Geographical locality • Different parts of the country have local norms that apply to dress • For example, California-casual

  9. Transmission • Not all individuals receive • Comparable instruction • Equivalent contact • Consistent examples • Regarding appropriate and inappropriate dress • And consequences of norm violation

  10. Gender-role socialization • Boys and girls socialized differently with regard to dress norms • Boys do not receive the same training about aesthetic rules that girls do • Boys less knowledgeable about dress norms, thus, • Boys more likely to violate dress norms

  11. Gender-role socialization

  12. Gender-role socialization

  13. Masculinity—defined as what it is NOT • Not feminine • Effeminate—a male who is similar to or imitates the behavior, appearance, or speech of females • Changes in cultural views of masculinity • Metrosexual—an urban male who has a strong aesthetic sense and spends time and money on his appearance

  14. Metrosexual male

  15. Stereotypes about cultural categories • Different social positions (age, gender) • Different contexts (historical, social, cultural) • Lead to different interpretation of norms • Stereotypes are resistant to change

  16. Frame transformation • Refers to a process whereby • groups take a negative concept (e.g., white trash) • and try to turn it into something positive • in order to create a sense of belonging and pride • E.g., hippie chic

  17. Consequences of norm violation • Newspaper articles • Other mass media • Report examples of sanctions daily • Not everyone is equally exposed to the examples • Mass media—means of communication designed to reach the general population

  18. Report of consequences of norm violation

  19. Agencies of socialization • Conflict is unavoidable • School vs. family – contradictory purposes • Church vs. adolescent peer group • Families vs. mass media • Conflict within a single family

  20. Conflict betweensocialization agencies

  21. Attachment to significant others • Significant others—parents, teachers, peers • Help children accept conventional norms • Anticipated disapproval of others • Lack of proper socialization—not influenced by “What would people think?”

  22. Socialization

  23. Secondary group socialization • Peer group socialization • Distinguish group by deliberate violation of conventional norms • Norm violation a way of expressing allegiance to a group

  24. Values and motives • Different values, different motives = different ideas of the legitimacy of norms • Motive: That which causes an individual’s action • Choice between personal and collective values

  25. What caused her to wear socks with sandals?

  26. Conformity to fashion norms • Gain friendship and approval • Reduce fear of ridicule and disapproval • Maintain or increase security • Boredom leads to restlessness • Search for uniqueness, individualism, novelty, to escape boredom • Adopt new and innovative fashions

  27. Normative socialization theory • Behavior is response to sanctions • Traditional environment – rewarded for conformity to conventional dress norms • Non-traditional environment – rewarded for non-traditional dress

  28. Non-traditionaldress

  29. Gang • Group of people, usually young, who band together for purposes generally considered to be deviant or criminal by the larger society • Gang members—reject conventional dress but conform to gang dress code

  30. Members of Crips gangWhat is the gang dress code?

  31. Physical Conditions • Bodily state over which an individual has no control • Inability to meet normative demands • Old, asymmetrical facial features, physical disability, large bone structure • Violate norms of being young, slim, beautiful, and perfect

  32. Old age is a physical condition

  33. Bodily states that present obstacles • Facial features—plastic surgery, makeup • Disabilities—jeans, shoes do not fit • Wheelchairs—barriers • Color blindness—inherited • Blindness • Stereotypes contribute to obstacles

  34. Bodily state that presents obstacles

  35. Environmental Conditions • Ecological state such as • Temperature • Humidity • Precipitation • Professional dress in warmer weather

  36. Demands on resources • Time, money, energy • Lack of sufficient resources • Competing demands—food vs. clothing

  37. Prom: Demands on resources • Extravagant display of consumerism • Reflection of social status • Fashion faux pas – mistake – to wear same dress to a prom as another girl • Exclusivity and fit—important attributes of a prom dress • How to pay for the prom

  38. Temporal incompatibilities between statuses • Unprepared to make a change from a status at one life stage to a later status • Psychologically • Socially • Technically • Transition to a succeeding status involves inherent difficulties • Pre-teen to adolescence; adult to old age

  39. Transition from young adult to middle-age

  40. Adolescence • Early adolescence—ages 12-18 • Late adolescence—ages 18-22 • Emerging adulthood • Lingo—specialized set of terms requiring that it be learned like a language • Jargon—language used by a particular group • Fashion Maven—an expert in fashion

  41. Age-appropriatedressing foradolescents?

  42. The normative system itself • Some norms are uncontrollable elements of a situation in which an individual must try to conform to other norms • Concurrent but competing statuses result in role conflict • Role strain—roles associated with a single status are in opposition to one another • Social role—standardized set of expectations • Gender roles vs. occupational roles

  43. Role strain?Role conflict?

  44. Internalization • Adoption of others’ attitudes, beliefs, and values, either consciously or unconsciously • Norms become a part of an individual’s motivational system • Committed to norms as being “right” • Not all people internalize cultural norms • Resistance to norm violation—commitment to norms and an ability to justify to the self the moral reasons for not deviating

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