Daily objective 10/12/12

1. Warm-up PowerPoint: Rise and Spread of Islam Complete African Empires and Rise of Islam Chart Daily objective 10/12/12

2. What city developed into the center of culture, education and Islam in Africa? - Timbuktu • Why did the Ghana Empire become so wealthy and powerful? - Control of the Salt and Gold trade in Africa Warm up 10/12/12

3. In the 5th Century, warfare between the Byzantine and Persian Empires interrupted trading routes to East Asia Trade routes shifted to sea routes connecting India, Arabia and the Red Sea The city of Mecca became and important stop along the trade routes Islam developed in Mecca and spread throughout the world Within 100 years Islam grew to control and area larger then the Roman Empire The Rise of Islam

4. Islam was founded by Mohammed Mohammed was a merchant and shepherd in Mecca He often meditated in a cave near Mecca On one occasion, Mohammed had a vision from the Angel Gabriel who commanded him to convert the Arab tribes to believe in a single God known as “Allah” Mohammed and his ideals became very popular but was forced to flee Mecca in free for his life because other merchants became envious of his growing influence. This event is known as Hegira, and is the starting point of the Muslin Calendar. Mohammed returned to Mecca a few years later with and army to retook Mecca in what has became known as Jihad (Holy War) Mohammed: The Prophet of Islam

5. The Quran is the sacred text of Islam Muslims believe it records the world revealed to Mohammed by God. It discusses forms of worship, proper conduct and the treatment of woman The fundamental doctrine of the Quran is contained in two article of belief: “There is no God but Allah: and Mohammed is his prophet” The Quran (Koran)

6. Muslims worship God directly without the intercession of a Priest of clergy • The Five Pillars of Islam make up the basic religious duties that all Muslims must fulfill • Faith in one God • Prayer • Charity • Fasting • Pilgrimage The Five Pillars of Islam

7. Monotheistic • Founded by Muhammad • Founded in Middle East (Present-Day Saudi Arabia) • Mecca is considered holy city • Koran-Muslim scriptures (Holy Book) • Five Pillars of Islam: • Faith Prayer Charity Fasting Pilgrimage ISLAM

8. Islam united various Arab tribes with the common language of Arabic and religion Strengthened by their newfound unity they set out on a holy war against non-believers They fought with great enthusiasm to gain entry in to Heaven. Arab Muslims succeeded in creating a vast empire that extended from the Indus River Valley into Europe as far west as Spain The Islamic Religion Spreads

9. Turn to the next blank sheet in your notes section Islam Notes

10. Mohammed • Merchant & Sheppard from Mecca • Had a vision from God to convert the Arab tribes to believe in a single God “Allah” • Fled Mecca in fear of his life in 622 (known as Hegira) • Returned with an army in 632 to retake Mecca (known as Jihad or “holy war”) • Beliefs • There is no God but Allah (Monotheistic) • Mohammed is a prophet from God • The Quran (Koran) is the sacred text • The Five Pillars of Islam • Faith in one God • Prayer • Charity • Fasting • Pilgrimage • Spread of Islam • Began in Mecca (Middle East) • Spread through holy wars against non-believers and trade routes (Culture Diffusion) • Muslim empire extended from the Indus River Valley into Europe as far west of Spain and into the early African Empires

11. At first Africa was mostly polytheistic (worshiping many gods). Africans also practiced ancestor worship. Later Islam would spread to the African Empires through the salt and gold trading routes Religion of the African Empires