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Understanding Matter: Properties, Changes, and Classification

Explore the various properties, changes, and classifications of matter, including physical and chemical properties, mixtures, elements, and compounds. Learn about examples and how to classify different types of matter.

gillian-haverty
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Understanding Matter: Properties, Changes, and Classification

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  1. Chp 3 Matter

  2. Substance (pure substance) – uniform and unchanging composition • Examples: • Counterexamples:

  3. I. Properties • Physical: can be observed w/o changing composition of matter • Intensive – properties of material itself • Extensive – properties of your sample only

  4. Classify • Identify each as an intensive or extensive property for a sample of gold. • Yellow___ • Mass = 45g ____ • Density = 19.3g/cm3 ____ • Lusterous ____ • 25oC ____ • Melting point = 1100oC ____ • 14cm long ____ • Malleable ____ • Odorless ____ • Solid at room temp ____

  5. Chemical - describes how a type of matter interacts with another type of matter. • Examples • Iron rusting • Silver tarnishing • Wood burning • Gold does not oxidize • Alcohol is flammable • Milk spoils • Vinegar reacts with baking soda to for CO2 gas

  6. II. Changes • Physical changes – a change that a sample undergoes that does not change the composition • Chemical – a new substance is formed • Evidence of chemical change • Energy exchange • Unexplained color change • Gas given off • Formation of a precipitate • When original conditions don’t bring back original substance

  7. Classify as phys or chem change • Rotting____ • Burning ___ • Melting ___ • Dissolving ____ • Digesting____ • Cooking____ • Crushing___ • Fermenting___

  8. In all phys and chem changes, mass reactants = mass products. (Law of Conservation of Mass)

  9. III. Classification of Matter • A. Mixtures – 2 or more substances mixed in no fixed ratio w/ each sub retaining its own properties • Heterogeneous – different components in mixture can be observed. Composition is not uniform. • Examples: • Homogeneous – components can’t be observed; Composition is uniform. Examples:

  10. Separating Mixtures • Filtration • Crystallization • Chromatography • Distillation

  11. B. Elements • One type of atom • Can’t be separated by chemical or physical means • 88 naturally occurring and common

  12. C. Compounds • 2 or more elements combined in a fixed ratio • Chemical formula • Properties unlike those of elements it contains • 10,000,000 known with 100,000 new discovered every year • Can be broken down through chem change.

  13. Law of Definite Proportions • All samples of a compound always have the same % composition. • % by mass=(mass element/mass compound)x100 • See p. 76 # 20-23

  14. Law of Multiple Proportions • The same elements can form different compounds with different % compositions. • Ratio of ratios is a whole #. • Consider A and B

  15. If A is H2O, what is B?

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