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Ancient African Civilizations: Geography, Trade, and Cultural Developments

Explore the rich history of ancient Africa, focusing on major geographic features like the Sahara Desert, Nile, Niger, and Congo rivers, which influenced movement, trade, and agriculture. Analyze the migrations of the Bantu people and the rise of powerful empires such as Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, who thrived on trade in gold, salt, and other resources. Discover the cultural and religious impact of Islam, as seen through leaders like Mansa Musa and Askia the Great, while also recognizing the traditional practices of animism and oral storytelling traditions in various communities.

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Ancient African Civilizations: Geography, Trade, and Cultural Developments

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  1. ANCIENT AFRICA N- Sahara desert : difficult to cross- stops movementNile River (NE), Niger River,(W) Congo River (W): trade, water, farming, foodS- Kalahari desertrainforest in Congo Grasslands- Serengeti S- Bantu migrate: use up resources, then moveW- Nok farming/family Geography &Environment Economics N- Egypt & Nubia/Kush trade partners, then rivalsN- Assyrians invade; thenAxumsinvade N-Axum: advanced weapons; controlled trade on Red Sea Trading: cargo ships sailing the Nile- Rome, India, Persia, EgyptS- Bantu- farmers until resources used up; movedW- on Niger River: Ghana/Mali taxed the caravans crossing the SaharaW- salt and gold, ivoryW- Mali: ISLAM Mansa Musa went on his hajj & showed off Mali’s wealth W- Mali: ISLAM – Songhai - Sunni Ali rulerW- Mali Askia the Great Morocco died of malaria Culture & Religion Government & Civics N- Egypt/Kush ruler: pharoah S- rulers: chiefs, council eldersS- extended families = clans; matrilineal (husband joined wife’s clan) W-Ghana ruler- king (ghana) W- Mali- king (Mansa Musa,)- ISLAMIC W- Sonhai- (Suni Ali, Askia the Great) -ISLAMIC N- Egypt: rulers were godsN- 330 CE Christianity to Axum (Ethiopia) N- 600 CE Islamic raiders S- polytheism, animism, pray to ancestors; spirit dances & masks S- family &farming: kinship (matrilineal or patrilineal) S- oral traditions:griot(storyteller) S- diviner: someone who communes with spirits W- ISLAM (Mansa Musa- hajj) W- ISLAM: 5 pillars; mosque

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