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Very Large Array (VLA) Soccoro, NM

Class 5: Astronomy 101 Celestial Motions. Very Large Array (VLA) Soccoro, NM. Class 5: Astronomy 101 & Celestial Motions. Class updates: • Reading: 18.4, 22.1-22.5, 24.1 • Extra credit: Geology Colloquium

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Very Large Array (VLA) Soccoro, NM

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  1. Class 5: Astronomy 101 Celestial Motions Very Large Array (VLA) Soccoro, NM

  2. Class 5: Astronomy 101 & Celestial Motions Class updates: • Reading: 18.4, 22.1-22.5, 24.1 • Extra credit: Geology Colloquium - Wed./Thurs./Fri. this week (www.geo.utep.edu 2011 Colloquium link) • Homework 2 & Midterm1 returned Today’s topics: • Where are we in the universe? • Important people • Tools of Astronomy • • Seasons • Lunar phases • Eclipses

  3. Planet? Galaxy? Supercluster? Universe? Star-orbiting system? Cluster Group? Where are we in the universe?

  4. Our Cosmic Address

  5. A Universal Summary

  6. Constellation Orion Hubble Stellar Nurseries

  7. Solar System Formation solar nebula

  8. rocky planets (Terrestrial) gas planets (Jovian) Our Solar System STANDARD MODEL

  9. Jupiter, 11x Rearth Uranus, 4.1x Rearth Saturn, 9.5x Rearth Neptune, 4.0x Rearth Pluto, 0.2x Re The Solar System 1 AU: distance from Sun to Earth = 150,000,00 km Venus Mars Asteroid Belt Jupiter Mercury SUN 1 AU 2 AU 3 AU 4 AU 5 AU 1.5 AU S U N 1 AU 5 AU 10 AU 20 AU 30 AU 40 AU

  10. The Solar System words Mercury Venus Earth Mars Asteroids Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto YOU SHOULD KNOW:

  11. How do we know? Who is responsible?

  12. Early Astronomers •500 BC Pythagoras - thought Earth was round from moon observations • 350 BC Aristotle - first to suggest that all planets & stars orbited the Earth (wrong!) - Earth-Centered model = Geocentric Model Pythagoras Aristotle 500 250 0 250 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 AD

  13. Ptoo bad for Ptolemey Claudius Ptolemey (100 - 170 A.D.) Ptolemy geocentric diagram (Earth at center) Pythagoras Aristotle Ptolemy 500 250 0 250 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 AD

  14. Crazy (but not really) Copernicus Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543) Copernicus heliocentric diagram (Sun at center) Pythagoras Copernicus Aristotle Ptolemy 500 250 0 250 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 AD

  15. Keeping up with Kepler Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630 A.D.) Kepler’s Laws (3) Pythagoras Kepler Copernicus Aristotle Ptolemy 500 250 0 250 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 AD

  16. Galileo the Great Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642 A.D.) Galileo’s moon phases Pythagoras Galileo Kepler Copernicus Aristotle Ptolemy 500 250 0 250 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 AD

  17. How do we know?

  18. infrared image x-ray image visible image Light waves: traveling energy

  19. Tools of Astronomy: Telescopes

  20. Main functions of optical telescopes

  21. Optical Telescopes mirror light in (more common) eyepiece eyepiece lense light in

  22. Radio Telescopes light in visible radio visible radio

  23. Where should telescopes go? US light pollution Mauna Kea, Hawaii

  24. • Hubble Space Telescope • Hubble Space Telescope • Keck: Mauna Kea, Hi • Hubble Space Telescope • Keck: Mauna Kea, Hi • Hale: Palomar Obs., CA • Hubble Space Telescope • Keck: Mauna Kea, Hi • Hale: Palomar Obs., CA • Clark: Lowell Obs., AZ • Hubble Space Telescope • Keck: Mauna Kea, Hi • Hale: Palomar Obs., CA • Clark: Lowell Obs., AZ • Shane: Lick Obs., CA • Hubble Space Telescope • Keck: Mauna Kea, Hi • Hale: Palomar Obs., CA • Clark: Lowell Obs., AZ • Shane: Lick Obs., CA • Kitt Peak Obs., AZ • Hubble Space Telescope • Keck: Mauna Kea, Hi • Hale: Palomar Obs., CA • Clark: Lowell Obs., AZ • Shane: Lick Obs., CA • Kitt Peak Obs., AZ • Aricebo, Puerto Rico Telescopes and Observatories (you should visit) • Hubble Space Telescope • Keck: Mauna Kea, Hi • Hale: Palomar Obs., CA • Clark: Lowell Obs., AZ • Shane: Lick Obs., CA • Kitt Peak Obs., AZ • Aricebo, Puerto Rico • Very Large Array (VLA), NM

  25. Rotation & Revolution rotation revolution

  26. 23.5° North Pole Equator Equator Reason for Seasons?

  27. Reason for Seasons Sun Sun Earth’s orbit Earth’s orbit Earth Spin axis (Winter) NH SH (Summer) Sun

  28. Reason for Seasons Sun Sun Earth’s orbit Earth’s orbit Earth Spin axis (Summer) NH SH Sun (Winter)

  29. Northern Hemisphere Seasons

  30. Seasons, Tropics, & Circles

  31. Seasons Review

  32. Reason for Seasons Movie

  33. Summer sun path Winter sun path Day/Night & the Seasons •Why are days are longer in the summer, shorter in the winter?

  34. The Phases of the Moon

  35. Times of Moonrise and Moonset Phase Moonrise Moonset New Dawn Sunset First Quarter Noon Midnight Full Sunset Dawn Third Quarter Midnight Noon

  36. Day 7 Day 1 NP Day 14 Day 21 Why We Always See the Same Side of the Moon

  37. Eclipses partial solar eclipse total solar eclipse lunar eclipse

  38. Lunar Eclipses

  39. Solar Eclipses How do they happen? • Moon moves in between Sun and Earth, blocks sunlight • Only from within the tiny area where the dark umbra touches the Earth will you see the Sun completely covered and witness a total eclipse. • From anywhere in the grey penumbra, you will see some part of the sun shining from behind the moon. The penumbra is the area of partial eclipse.

  40. total eclipse partial eclipse Solar Eclipses The Moon is much smaller than the Sun so how can the Moon block out the Sun?

  41. Solar Eclipse Movie Movie of solar eclipse taken in India (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center)

  42. Eclipses: Why so Infrequent? Why isn’t there a solar eclipse & lunar eclipse once every month? Sun Earth’s orbit Earth Moon Moon’s orbit

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