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Calculating Net Force and Acceleration Using Newton's Second Law

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This chapter provides practice problems focused on applying Newton's Second Law to determine net force on accelerating objects. Key examples include calculating the force required to accelerate a 1500 kg race car at 3.00 m/s², finding the force on a 55 kg artillery shell fired from a gun, calculating the weight of a 2.26 kg bag of sugar, and determining the coefficient of friction for a block on a tabletop. Each problem is solved step-by-step, reinforcing the fundamental principles of dynamics.

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Calculating Net Force and Acceleration Using Newton's Second Law

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  1. Chapter 5 Practice problems Net Force

  2. Sample #1 • Using Newton’s Second Law to find the net force on an accelerating object: • …. What net force is required to accelerate a 1500 kg race car act at +3.00m/s2?

  3. Sample #1 • Given: m = 1500 kg a =+ 3.00 m/s2 • Unknown: Force, F

  4. Sample #1 • Basic equation: • F = ma

  5. Sample #1 • Answer: 4500 N force

  6. Sample #2 • Finding force when acceleration must be calculated:

  7. Sample #2 • An artillery shell has a mass of 55 kg. The shell is fired from a gun leaving the barrel with a velocity of + 770 m/s. The gun barrel is 1.5 m long. Assume that the force, and thus the acceleration is constant while in gun barrel. What is the force on the shell while it is in the gun barrel?

  8. Sample #2 • Given: M = 55 kg vf = + 770 m/s vi = 0 m/s • D = +1.5 m • Unknown: force, F • Basic equations: F = ma • Vf2 =vi2 + 2ad

  9. Sample #2 • Answer: 1.1 X 107 N

  10. Sample # 2 • Solution: = • A = (+770m/s2) - 0 • 2(1.5 m) • a = +2.0 X 105 m/s2 ( in the direction of the velocity) • F = 55 kg +2.0 X 105 m/s2

  11. Sample #3 • Calculating weight: • Find the weight of a 2.26 kg bag of sugar

  12. Sample #3 • g= 9.8 m/s2 • Equation: W = mg

  13. Sample #3 • Answer : 22.1 N

  14. Sample #4 • Sliding friction: • A smooth wooden block is placed on a smooth wooden tabletop. You find that you must exert a force of 14.0 N to keep the 40.0 N block moving at a constant velocity

  15. Sample #4 • A. What is the coefficient of friction for the block and table? • Given: FA = 14 N W = 40 N a = 0 • Unknown : Coefficient of friction = μ

  16. Sample #4 • Basic equation = F= ma Ff =FμFN

  17. Sample #4

  18. Sample #4 • Because a = 0 the force you exert, FA must be equal to Ff

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