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Exploring Chordates: Features and Classification

Dive into the fascinating world of chordates, animals with a single hollow nerve cord, gill slits, notochord, and post-anal tail. Discover the subphyla Urochordata (tunicates), Cephalochordata (lancelets), and Vertebrata (vertebrates), including fish types. Learn about jawless fish like lampreys, cartilaginous fish such as sharks, and bony fish adaptations. Explore the characteristics and classifications of these diverse creatures with a backbone and bilateral symmetry. Get ready to uncover the wonders of chordates!

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Exploring Chordates: Features and Classification

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  1. Phylum Chordata A.K.A. Chordates

  2. Four Distinguishing Features • Single, hollow, dorsal nerve cord • Gill or pharyngeal slits (small openings along anterior part of body or pharynx) • Notochord: flexible rod for support that lies between the nerve cord and gut • Post-anal tail: tail that extends beyond the anus

  3. Chordate characteristics • http://www.biog1105-1106.org/labs/deuts/chordates.html

  4. Subphylum UrochordataA.K.A. tunicates SEA SQUIRTS • 3,000 species; all marine • Sessile • Filter feeders • Larval form has all four characteristics of chordates

  5. Subphylum UrochordataA.K.A. tunicates SALPS • Planktonic • Filter feeders • Warm water http://www.flickr.com/photos/31124758@N00/165884673/

  6. Subphylum CephalochordataA.K.A. Lancelets (amphioxis) • 23 species • 7 cm long, similar in shape to a fish • Retains chordate characteristics entire life • Invertebrate (lack a backbone) • Filter feeders; inhabit soft bottoms)

  7. Subphylum VertebrataA.K.A. Vertebrates • Have a backbone; usually made of bone • Bilateral symmetry • Endoskeleton • Complete digestive system • Closed circulatory system Include: fish, reptiles, birds and mammals

  8. Types of Fishes 1) Class Agnatha: Jawless fish 2) Class Chondrichthyes: cartilaginous fish 3) Class Osteichthyes: bony fish

  9. Class AgnathaA.k.a. Jawless fish • Lack jaws • Elongated like an eel • Lack paired fins • Lack scales • Mostly parasitic Examples: hagfish and lampreys

  10. Lampreys

  11. Hagfish

  12. Hagfish

  13. Class ChondrichthyesA.k.a. Cartilaginous Fish • Skeleton of cartilage • Movable jaws with teeth • Paired lateral fins for efficient swimming • Placoid scales: similar shape to teeth embedded into the skin • Spiracle and gill slits are not covered Includes: Sharks, Rays, Skates, and Ratfish

  14. Class Chondrichthyes • Placoid scales; sandpaper-like

  15. Class OsteichthyesA.k.a. Bony fish • Skeleton made of bone • Cycloid, ganoid or ctenoid scales which are thin flexible and overlapping • Scales are made of bone and covered by a thin layer of tissue and mucus • Operculum that covers and protects the gills • Swim bladder: fills with air to control buoyancy

  16. Class Osteichthyes • Gills covered by an operculum.

  17. Class Osteichthyes • Have different scales than sharks: Ctenoid Cycloid Ganoid

  18. Fish Adaptations • You will work in pairs. • Each pair will have one sheet of paper and each person should have a different color pen. • Each person in the pair will answer every other question in their color pen. • Answer the following questions: • Part I: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 8, 10, 11, 12(read),14, 15, 16, 17 (your fish only) • PartII: 1, 2 a-c, 3, 5, 7 • Part III: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6

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