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Specific Heat and Energy Absorption in Materials

Learn how materials absorb energy differently based on their characteristics, such as color and texture. Specific Heat is a crucial property that determines how fast a material heats up or cools down. Discover the Specific Heats of common materials and the impact of temperature on molecular movement. Explore the Celsius and Kelvin scales for measuring temperature.

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Specific Heat and Energy Absorption in Materials

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  1. Characteristics of Materials (Solar) Energy is absorbed differently in materials depending on certain characteristics. Absorbing Energy • Light materials are good reflectors • Dark colored materials are good absorbers

  2. You wear different clothes based on the weather HOT COLD

  3. Material Texture • Rough material is a good absorber • Smooth material is a good reflector

  4. ALSO, EVERY MATERIAL HAS… …A SPECIFIC PROPERTY THAT ALLOWS IT TO HEAT UP OR COOL DOWN AT IT’S OWN PACE. WE SCIENTISTS CALL IT: SPECIFIC HEAT

  5. SPECIFIC HEAT • SPECIFIC HEAT – THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY REQUIRED TO HEAT ONE GRAM OF A SUBSTANCE ONE DEGREE CELSIUS. • MEASURED IN: JOULES/GRAM*DEGREE CELSIUS!

  6. SPECIFIC HEAT Specific Heats of Common Materials

  7. WATER • LIQUID WATER HAS THE HIGHEST SPECIFIC HEAT OF ANY SUBSTANCE ON EARTH: • 4.18 Joule/GRAM*DEGREE CELSIUS

  8. HUH?!? Let’s Review… • The higher the number, the longerit takes to heat up and cool down. • The lower the number, the faster it takes to heat up and cool down.

  9. Specific Heats of Common Materials • Which substance has the highest specific heat? • Which substance has the lowest? • Which one will heat up and cool down fastest?

  10. Temperature • Temperature - measurement of the average kinetic energy of molecules • The higher the temperature the faster the molecules are moving & the more kinetic energy it has.

  11. Thermometer • As the liquid is heated up, the molecules expand and rises in the tube • The opposite happens when the liquid gets cooler

  12. The Three Scales (ESRT P.13) • Celsius = metric system • Water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C • Kelvin = used by scientists • You convert Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273 • Example 20°C =293K • The lowest reading of temperature is on the Kelvin scale • This is called absolute zero

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