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Industrialization in the United States

Discover the transformative era of industrialization in the United States, fueled by natural resources, new technologies, and government support. Learn about innovations like the Bessemer Steel Process, impact of inventions like the typewriter and telephone, and the economic policies of laissez-faire and protectionism. Explore the booming steel industry, railroad expansion, and the emergence of giants like AT&T. Uncover the era of massive economic growth and development that shaped America into a global industrial leader by the 1920s.

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Industrialization in the United States

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  1. Industrialization in the United States The Rise of Industry in the United States (1860s-1900s)

  2. “The Rise of Industry” • After the Civil War (1865) the U.S. economy was based on agriculture… • By 1920, the U.S. was the leading industrial power in the world! • Enormous growth was due to 3 factors… • Natural Resources • New Inventions, Technology • Support from the GOVT

  3. An Abundance of Natural Resources • MAIN IDEA: Natural resources and a large labor force allowed the United States to industrialize rapidly.

  4. What natural resources were abundant in the United States?

  5. Why is it important that these resources were IN the United Sates?

  6. Drake Discovers “BLACK GOLD” • 1859, Edwin Drake used a steam engine to drill for crude oil (petroleum) • This breakthrough started an oil boom in the Midwest and later Southwest… • At first the process was limited to transforming the oil into kerosene and throwing out the gasoline – a by-product of the process…

  7. Iron just wasn’t cutting it… • Henry Bessemer started playing around with military technology… • Developed the Bessemer Process!

  8. BESSEMER STEEL PROCESS • When you remove the carbon from iron, the result is a lighter, more flexible and rust resistant compound… Steel! • Bessemer process

  9. Importance of Bessemer • Decreased cost • Increased speed and ease of production… • Mass production • Expanded the market for Steel… • Allowed for larger and more powerful machines…

  10. NEW USES FOR STEEL • The railroads, with thousands of miles of track, were the biggest customers for steel… • Barbed wire, farm equipment, bridge construction, and the first skyscrapers. Brooklyn Bridge, 1888 – 1,595 ft.

  11. New Inventions and the Development of Technology • MAIN IDEA: New inventions spurred economic and industrial development.

  12. Edison, Westinghouse and ELECTRICITY vs.

  13. THE TYPEWRITER • Christopher Sholes invented the typewriter in 1867… • His invention forever affected office work and paperwork… • WHO did it effect the most? • 1870: _________ 5% of workforce… • 1910: ______40% of workforce…

  14. THE TELEPHONE • 1876, Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson unveiled the telephone… • 1877, Bell Telephone Company = American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T)

  15. Free Enterprise Allowed for Massive Economic Growth • MAIN IDEA: Laissez-faire economics promoted industrialization and tariffs protected American companies from foreign competition.

  16. “Laissez-faire” Economics • Following the Civil War, the government took a “hands-off” approach (for the most part) to business throughout the country. • Laissez-faire • There were barely any Economic regulations AND Social regulations (for the most part) on corporations throughout the country. • Left to state governments

  17. Post-Civil War Economics

  18. “Laissez-faire” Economics and Protectionism • On top of a Laissez-faire approach to the economy, the Republican dominated Federal Government practiced protectionism… • Morrill Tariff, 1861 • Are tariffs good or bad? Why? Explain. • North v. South • Republican v. Democrat

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