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Science As a Process!!!!!

Science As a Process!!!!!. Science. A process through which nature is studied, discovered, and understood. All areas of science involve posing INQUIRIES (questions) about nature. Processes of Science. Observing Hypothesizing Experimenting Measuring. Processes of Science.

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Science As a Process!!!!!

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  1. Science As a Process!!!!!

  2. Science • A process through which nature is studied, discovered, and understood. • All areas of science involve posing INQUIRIES (questions) about nature.

  3. Processes of Science • Observing • Hypothesizing • Experimenting • Measuring

  4. Processes of Science • Collecting/Organizing data • Analyzing data • Concluding • Communicating

  5. Terms and Definitions • Facts -- Data or EVIDENCE that can be OBSERVED repeatedly • Example:

  6. Terms and Definitions • Inference -- A CONCLUSION drawn on the basis of FACTS • Example:

  7. Terms and Definitions • Hypothesis -- An EDUCATED guess – a TESTABLE statement • Example:

  8. Terms and Definitions • Theory -- The most probable EXPLANATION based on the best available EVIDENCE. • Example:

  9. Terms and Definitions • Law -- A general statement that DESCRIBES or explains a wide variety of PHENOMENON, something that we KNOW to be true • Example:

  10. Terms and Definitions • Superstition -- A BELIEF that is NOT based on evidence • Example:

  11. Scientific Method • 1. Stating a problem • - problem: solution is not obvious. crucial information is missing. • Solving the problem involves finding this missing information.

  12. Scientific Method • 2. Collecting information on the problem – “BACKGROUND” • the more you know about the problem the more precisely it can be stated, which means less wasted time looking for solutions.

  13. Scientific Method • 3. Making a hypothesis- • a. Use what you know about the problem to predict a solution and try it. • b. Look for patterns that will help you make predictions about the problem.

  14. Scientific Method • 3. Making a hypothesis- • c. Make a model, or a representation, of what you’re working with. • d. Break the problem down into smaller, simpler problems.

  15. Scientific Method • 4. Design and Perform the experiment - the design should directly test the hypothesis • allows you to make a solid conclusion about the hypothesis • IS YOUR HYPOTHESIS TESTABLE??

  16. Scientific Method • 5. Make a conclusion - a solid conclusion is related to the hypothesis and based on the results of a well designed experiment.

  17. Experimental Design Concepts • A science experiment is designed so that only ONE variable is tested at a time. • Clear procedure that can be repeated giving similar results

  18. Experimental Design Concepts • A VARIABLE is something that is changed to study how this change effects the thing being studied.

  19. Experimental Design Concepts • By changing only one variable, when you make your conclusion you can be assured that it is only that one variable that is causing the EFFECT.

  20. Experimental Design Concepts • Independent variable (IV) - the variable that is purposely CHANGED by the experimenter.

  21. Experimental Design Concepts • Dependent variable (DV) - the variable that responds and is the variable MEASURED.

  22. Experimental Design Concepts • Constant (C) - all factors that are kept the SAME during the experiment.

  23. Experimental Design Concepts • CONTROL - the standard to compare the experimental effect against.

  24. Experimental Design Concepts • Repeated trials - the NUMBER of objects/organisms undergoing treatment for each value of the independent variable OR • the number of TIMES the experiment is repeated.

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