Grains, Pasta, Rice

1. Grains, Pasta, Rice

2. Grains • Definition: single, hard seed • Grains are the edible seeds of certain grasses. • Most common grains • Wheat • Corn • Rice

3. Cereal is the common name for grains. • The principle grains are wheat, rice, oats, barley, corn, buckwheat, and rye. Wheat - flour, cereals, pasta Corn - vegetable, cereals, grits, and hominy Rice - cereals, rice Oats - cereals, an ingredient in baked products and in some desserts (The cereals made from oats are usually made of the whole grain with only the outer husk removed. Because of this process, oat cereals are rich in nutrients.) Rye, Barley, and Buckwheat - are used for flour

4. Kernel of Wheat HUSK

5. Wheat

6. Parts of the Grain • Bran - outside covering of the grain and consists of several layers. • Cellulose is not digested, acts as a natural laxative and is sometimes called the “scrub brush” for the intestine, helping to keep the body regular. (fiber, B vitamins, minerals, protein) • Endosperm - is the inner white portion. (complex carbohydrates, proteins, NO vitamins and minerals) • Germ - found at one end of the kernel, is the sprouting part from which a new part grows. (B vitamins, vitamin E, iron, zinc, other minerals, unsaturated fat)

7. Wheat Cont… • Common Wheat: used for flour • Durum Wheat: type of wheatwith high protein and glutencontents • Wheat is known as the staff of life because of its availability around the world. It is a staple food because of its good keeping quality, high energy value and their relatively low cost.

8. What’s a Whole Grain? • Whole Grains: Made from entire kernel including bran, germ, endosperm. • Refined grains: Milled so germ and bran are removed. • Enriched: Adding nutrients lost during the processing of the grain back into the finished product ex. White flour.

9. Why do Whole Grains Matter? • Diets rich in whole grain foods and other plant foods, and low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may help reduce the risk ofheart disease • Consuming at least 3 or more ounce-equivalents of whole grains per day can reduce the risk of several chronic diseases and may help withweight maintenance • High fiber -High in B Vitamins • Low fat -Rich Sources of Minerals • More calcium

10. Pasta • Type of Pasta: spaghetti, macaroni, fettuccine, ravioli, lasagna, tortellini, linguini, egg noodles, etc. • Pasta Facts: • Pasta dishes are usually low cost entrees • Store pasta in a tightly covered container at room temperature • Pasta test for doneness - al dente (meaning firm to the tooth)

11. PASTA Continued… • Pasta is usually made from DURHAM wheat because of its high protein and gluten. • Pasta doubles as it cooks. 1 cup uncooked pasta will yield 2 cups cooked. • To Cook: • Boil a large pot of water • Add pasta once boiling • Cook 10 minutes • Drain • Toss with oil to prevent it from sticking together

12. Less Popular Barley Oats Rye Uncommon Grains Quinoa Kamut Amarantha Buckwheat Other Grains

13. Barley Barley contains all eight amino acids According to a recent study, eating whole grain barley can regulate blood sugar for up to 10 hours after consumption Less Popular Grains • Oats • Oats contain more soluble fiber than any other grain, resulting in slower digestion and an extended sensation of fullness • Oats soluble fiber lower bad cholesterol therefore decreasing your risks of heart disease.

14. Rye Commonly made into flour for rye bread Triticale: hybrid grain that is a cross between wheat and rye Less Popular Grains

15. Quinoa Seeds that are covered in bitterness preventing insect/bird damage High protein content (12-18%); complete protein (balanced set of amino acids) Uncommon Grains • Kamut • Larger seed size in comparison to wheat • Contains 30-40% more protein than wheat

16. Amaranth have a 30% higher protein value than other cereals, such as rice, wheat flour, oats, and rye Contains a complete protein and a high amount of manganese Buckwheat contains no gluten; is not related to wheat Kasha: roasted buckwheat that’s ground or cracked Uncommon Grains

17. Processing Grains • Berries: whole grain minus the hull • Flour: ground into fine powder • Rolled = Flaked: flattened between rollers • Cracked: cut into small pieces to speed up cooking time • Pearled: bran removed and tumbled

18. Rice Worldwide there are more than 40,000 different varieties of rice!

19. Basic Categories of Rice • Long grain Rice-Long, polished kernels. Bland and somewhat firm in texture. Yields a drier, fluffy rice. • Ex. Basmati and Jasmine • Medium Grain Rice-has a shorter, wider kernel (two to three times longer than its width) than long grain rice. Cooked grains are more moist and tender, and have a greater tendency to cling together than long grain.  • Ex. Sushi Rice • Short Grain Rice-Short grain rice has a short, plump, almost round kernel. Cooked grains are soft and cling together. • Ex. Arborio Rice

20. Nutritional Differences of Rice • Brown Rice- the whole grain form of rice with only the husk removed • Parboiled Rice- steam was passed through the grains with the husks on. Thenutrients are embedded into the grain by this procedure. The rice is polished after this steaming is done. This results in more nutritious rice than white rice and more digestible rice than brown rice. • Instant Rice- Precooked and dehydrated, cooks quickly and the yield is doubled.

21. Cooking Rice • Double the amount of water for rice. (1:2 ratio) • Bring water to boil. • Add and stir in rice. • Turn heat to low and put on lid. • Cook for 20-25 minutes (parboiled) 45-1hr (brown rice). • Rice is done if no water is visible. • Fluff with a fork. • Rice Triples as it cooks. 1 cup uncooked rice yields 3 cups of cooked rice.

22. Pop Quiz! 1. What disease do eating whole grains help prevent? A. Heart disease, celiac B. Heart disease, Hypertension C. Heart disease, obesity D. High blood pressure, obesity 2. Identify the names of some “uncommon grains”: A. Quinoa, buckwheat, rice, corn B. Quinoa, kamut, buckwheat, amarantha C. Buckwheat, wild rice, oats, wheat D. Durham, barley, rice, corn 3. 1 Cup uncooked pasta will yield ____cups cooked pasta. 4. 2 Cups uncooked rice will yield _____ cups cooked rice. 5. The test for pasta’s doneness is called: _________ 1 6 Al Dente