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CALCIUM

CALCIUM. by Camille Bowen. “You Need More Calcium!”. Eye twitch Leg pain With a cold After breakfast. Overview. Lets talk calcium Function and sources of calcium Symptoms & risks of low calcium Health claims of supplementing Choosing supplements Science behind claims Dosages

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CALCIUM

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  1. CALCIUM by Camille Bowen

  2. “You Need More Calcium!” • Eye twitch • Leg pain • With a cold • After breakfast

  3. Overview • Lets talk calcium • Function and sources of calcium • Symptoms & risks of low calcium • Health claims of supplementing • Choosing supplements • Science behind claims • Dosages • Risks/side effects • Interaction with food/drugs • Conclusion

  4. Lets Talk Calcium • Mineral (Ca) • Three main types: • Citrate • Carbonate • Phosphate

  5. Calcium in the body • Regulates heartbeat • Nerve impulses • Hormone secretion • Blood clotting • 99% used for bones and teeth

  6. Influences on Bone Mass

  7. Food Sources • Milk and dairy products • Kale, broccoli • Calcium enriched fruit-juices • Mineral water • Canned fish with bones • Soy products

  8. Lost through… Sloughed skin Nails Hair Sweat Urine Feces

  9. Symptoms of Low Calcium • Numbness/tingling in fingers • Muscle cramps • Convulsions • Lethargy • Poor appetite • Abnormal heart rhythms

  10. Risks of low calcium levels • Kids/infants-rickets • Hypocalcemia • Osteoporosis • Hypoparathyroidism • PMS • Leg cramps with pregnancy • Hypertension

  11. Health Claims • Cancer • Hypercholesterolemia • Hypertension • Weight loss • Osteoporosis • PMS • Antacid

  12. “Adequate calcium throughout life, as part of a well-balanced diet, may reduce the risk of osteoporosis in later life.” • “Adequate calcium and vitamin D as part of a healthful diet, along with physical activity, may reduce the risk of osteoporosis in later life.” Food and Supplements 1993 FDA authorized health claim Jan. 2010 -expanded to include vitamin D.

  13. Heeeeeelp!

  14. When choosing a supplement • Cost, quality, access • Look for elemental calcium levels • USP symbol or “purified” • Oyster shell, bone meal, dolomite • High lead content • Dissolves in 30-60 min • Calcium citrate for low stomach acid • With meals—calcium carbonate

  15. Scientific Support • Cancer- • mixed results, slight decrease in colon cancer risk • Slight increase in prostate cancer risk • Hypertension • May help reduce hypertension • Weight loss • Calcium supplements or dairy products don’t lower weight • Postmenopausal women less likely to gain weight/lost weight with Ca and vit. D • No benefit for healthy women

  16. Science • Hypercholesterolemia • Helps lowers LDL • PMS • Reduce depressed mood, water retention, pain • Adequate calcium prevents PMS • Antacid • Works well (neutralizes stomach acid) • Used in products (Tumes, Rolaids)

  17. Science • Osteoporosis • Children- slight increase in arms • Little effect in healthy children for fractures • Women • Not 5 yrs after menopause • Cuts by 50% in next 1-2 yrs • Postmen—increased bone density & 29% less hip fracture risk • Less bone loss • Men • Reduced bone loss & fracture risk

  18. Dosage Threshold absorption

  19. Dosage • Cancer: 1200-1600 mg/day • Hypercholesterolemia: 1200mg/day with low fat/calorie restriction • Hypertension: 1000-1500 mg/day • Weight: 500-2400 mg/day w/ calorie restriction • Osteoporosis: 1000-1600 mg/day • PMS: 1000-1200 mg/day calcium carbonate • Antacid: 500-1500 mg

  20. Risks/Side Effects • Belching • Gas • Constipation • Lead contamination • Kidney stones • Large amounts over time: • Milk-alkali syndrome • Hypercalcemia • Renal insufficiency

  21. Interactions • Food: • Caffeine—increases Ca urinary excretion • Fiber—lowers calcium absorption • Phytic acid (wheat bran, beans) • Oxalic acid (spinach, rhubarb) • Iron, Zinc, Magnesium—Ca lowers absorption • Sodium—increases Ca urinary excretion

  22. Interactions • Drugs • Bisphosphonates—Ca lowers absorption • Estrogen—increased CA absorption (postmenopausal women) • Anticonvulsants—reduce Ca absorption by increasing vit. D metabolism • Mineral oil—lowers Ca & vit. D absorption • Stimulant laxatives—lowers Ca & vit. D absorption

  23. Conclusion • Better to get calcium from food • How to choose a supplement • May be beneficial for: • Hypertension • Antacid • Osteoporosis/fractures • Bone mass • Colon cancer • Appropriate dosage necessary (indefinitely) • Risks include • Kidney stones • Possible lead contamination • Interaction with food and drugs • Side effects

  24. The End

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