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INSTRUCTOR

INSTRUCTOR. Melanie Mack Zabel, MS, CL Office: LDC 215, Desk A Email: mzabel@whatcom.ctc.edu Phone: 383-3809. PROLOGUE THE STORY OF PSYCHOLOGY. THE STORY OF PSYCHOLOGY. What is Psychology? Psychology’s Roots Psychology’s Big Issue Psychological Perspectives Levels of Analysis

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INSTRUCTOR

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  1. INSTRUCTOR Melanie Mack Zabel, MS, CL Office: LDC 215, Desk A Email: mzabel@whatcom.ctc.edu Phone: 383-3809

  2. PROLOGUETHE STORY OF PSYCHOLOGY

  3. THE STORY OF PSYCHOLOGY What is Psychology? • Psychology’s Roots • Psychology’s Big Issue • Psychological Perspectives • Levels of Analysis • Subfields of Psychology

  4. PSYCHOLOGY’S ROOTS Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) http://faculty.washington.edu

  5. PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE IS BORN 1879 Wilhelm Wundt, University of Leipzig, Germany • “Atoms of the mind”- the fastest and simplest mental processes • Considered the birth of psychology as we know it today Wundt (1832-1920)

  6. PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE IS BORN • Measured lag between participants’ recognition that he heard a ball hit a metal platform and his pressing a telegraph key • Launched the first psychology laboratory

  7. STRUCTURALISM Edward B. Titchener, Cornell University, NY • Wundt’s student • Used introspection to explore the structural elements of the mind • Participants reported their experiences and how they relate to one another

  8. FUNCTIONALISM William James • American Philosopher • Functions of thoughts & feelings • How they enable us to adapt, survive, & flourish • 1890 Psychology textbook James (1842-1910) Mary Calkins

  9. SIGMUND FREUD • Austrian physician • Studied effects of emotional responses on behavior • Unconscious mind • Childhood experiences • Personality theorist • Psychoanalytic theory Freud (1856-1939)

  10. PSYCHOLOGY1920’S TO PRESENT • Originated in many disciplines and countries • Defined, until the 1920’s, as the science of mental life • Introspection was dismissed

  11. BEHAVIORISTS Watson (1878-1958) Skinner (1904-1990) • John B. Watson • B.F. Skinner • Emphasized the scientific study of observable behavior

  12. HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY Rogers (1902-1987) Maslow (1908-1970) http://www.carlrogers.dk http://facultyweb.cortland.edu • Abraham Maslow & Carl Rogers • Emphasized current environmental influences • Growth potential • Need for love and acceptance

  13. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE • Cognitive Revolution 1960’s • Importance of earlier ideas • How the mind perceives, processes, and retains information • Cognitive Neuroscience • Links cognitive psychology and brain activity

  14. PSYCHOLOGY TODAY The scientific study of • Behavior (what we do) • Mental processes (inner thoughts & feelings) • Perception, thinking, memory, & language Learner.org - Psychology: Past, Present, & Promise

  15. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION • Largest organization of psychology with 160,000 members world-wide • Followed by the British Psychological Society with 34,000 members. http://www.apa.org/index.aspx

  16. PSYCHOLOGY’S HISTORIC BIG ISSUE • Nature versus Nurture • Controversy over the relative contributions of biology and experience • Aristotle: there is nothing in the mind that does not come from the external world through the senses • John Locke: the mind is a blank slate upon which experience writes

  17. NATURAL SELECTION • Among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations • Nurture works on what nature endows • Every psychological event is simultaneously a biological event

  18. PSYCHOLOGY’S THREE MAIN LEVELS OF ANALYSIS

  19. PSYCHOLOGY’S CURRENT PERSPECTIVES

  20. PSYCHOLOGY’S CURRENT PERSPECTIVES

  21. PSYCHOLOGY’S CURRENT PERSPECTIVES

  22. BASIC VS. APPLIED RESEARCH • Basic Research: Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base • Applied Research: Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

  23. BASIC RESEARCH IN PSYCHOLOGY’S SUBFIELDS

  24. PSYCHOLOGY’S SUBFIELDS: APPLIED

  25. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY VS. PSYCHIATRY • Clinical psychologist (Ph.D.): studies, assesses, and treats people who have psychological disorders • Psychiatrists (M.D.): medical professionals who sometimes provide medical treatment (such as drugs) as well as psychological therapy to individuals with psychological disorders

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