DS 102: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTS

1. DS 102: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTS Instructor: Hasa M. Mlawa, Professor of Technology and Innovation Management Email: h.mlawa@gmail.com Office No. 327 IDS

2. AIMS • Deepen candidates’ understanding on STI and Development • Familiarize candidates with approaches, tools and methods used in STI analyses • Build capacities – Knowledge - skills a competences etc for handling STI policy problems in countries like Tanzania

3. ABOUT THE COURSE Focus: To examine relationship between STI and development Before World War II- not much was known explicitly regarding to the role STI plays in the context of development (Received Theory)

4. RECEIVED THEORY

5. DYNAMIC THEORY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

6. MAIN THRUST/ARGUMENT IN THE COURSE We will argue in the course that: • Knowledge, Technology and Innovation are strategic resources for successful and competitive economic development. They are MUST HAVE and MUST ACQUIRE resources for development. • If Knowledge, Technology and Innovation are strategic resources for development, then productive units MUST be centrally concerned about their SOURCING.

7. SOURCES OF TECHNOLOGY There are two main sources of acquiring technology • INNOVATION – Creating technology by yourself: research, development, prototyping and production. Developed countries do this a lot – they have the capacities for so doing. • TECHNOLGY TRANSFER - Importing and buying technology from the outside countries -/technology transfer process. This is a source commonly used by developing countries as they do not have  local capacities to create technology locally.    And oftentimes, the Technology Transfer process takes place within the context of Investment and Trade.

8. We will also argue that: • Efficient Management of Technology Transfer and of Efficient Management of Innovation Process is key for the efficient integration of technology into the process of development • In turn Efficient Management of Technology Transfer and Efficient Management of Innovation presupposes,  into inter alia: • Development and acquisition of Technology and Managerial Capabilities within the country.   • Development and implementation of explicit STI Policies for Technological Development.

9. So then, the focus of this course is on:

10. TERMS AND TERMINOLOGIES • Technology • Technological Development  • Technique • Technical Change  • Technology Transfer  • Technology Assimilation  • Technology Absorption  • Technological Capability  • Technology Policy • National Innovation System

11. Open Innovation  • Co-Innovation (Co-Creation) 

12. TECHNOLOGY - The word ‘technology’ appears to have been firstly explicitly employed in the sense in 1772, by Beckmann, the famous author of the Historyof Inventions, who was for many years “Professor of Economy in the University of Gottingen” (Wilson 1855). Through him the word technology has been introduced into our language (ibid.).

13. Key readings • Cruburer, A. (1998). Technology and Global Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. • Wilson, G. (1855). What is Technology: An In augural Lecture Delivered in the University of Edinburgh on November, 1855.